抗战胜利后平津的粮荒浅探

On the Grain Shortage in Peiping and Tianjin after the Victory of the Resistance War against Japan

1945年12月平津开始出现粮荒问题,其主要表现为粮食短缺和粮价上涨,粮荒问题直到平津解放以前一直困扰着平津。平津粮荒发生的原因是多方面的,除平津本身就是缺粮地区外,抗战胜利后又出现了一些新的原因。国民党及其政府为解决平津粮荒问题采取了开源和节流的措施,开源方面包括向平津输粮,交通上为输粮提供便利,发行粮贷;节流方面包括进行粮食配售,停征、禁购平津军粮,预防、打击囤积居奇,加强粮食统筹等。虽然国民党及其政府采取了多种措施,但是粮荒问题却没有得到解决,反而越来越重。这不仅仅反映了国民党及其政府在应对平津粮荒问题上的失败,也预示了国民党及其政府在全国统治上终将失败。

In December 1945,the problem of food shortage began to appear in Peiping and Tianjin,which was mainly manifested in the shortage of food and the rise of food prices.The problem of food shortage plagued Peiping and Tianjin until the liberation of Peiping and Tianjin.There are many reasons for the food shortage in Peiping-Tianjin region.In addition to Peiping-Tianjin itself being a grain shortage area,some new reasons emerged after the victory of the War of Resistance against Japan.The Kuomintang and its government adopted two measures to solve the problem of grain shortage in Peiping and Tianjin,namely,increasing source and reducing expenditure.The increasing source included transporting grain to Peiping and Tianjin,facilitating the transportation of grain,and issuing grain loans;the reducing expenditure included carrying out grain rationing,stopping levying and banning the purchase of Peiping and Tianjin military grain,preventing and cracking down on hoarding,and strengthening the overall planning of grain.Although the Kuomintang and its government have taken various measures,the problem of food shortage has not been solved,but has become more and more serious.This not only reflects the failure of the Kuomintang and its government in dealing with the food shortage in Peiping and Tianjin,but also indicates that the Kuomintang and its government will eventually fail in national rule.