基于网络评论的城市公园景观感知研究

Research on Landscape Perception of Urban Parks based on Online Comments

景观感知是人认知、理解和评价周围环境的过程,是城市社会感知的重要内容,对理解民众需求与提升人居环境品质具有重要意义。在数字时代,网络评论等海量线上用户生成内容成为测度景观感知的新数据类型。选取福州西湖公园、福州国家森林公园为研究对象,基于网络评论数据,综合运用内容分析法与自然语言处理方法,进行景观认知、景观情感与景观感知3方面分析,结果显示:1)民众景观认知包含背景及环境、体验与评价、自然与景观、服务与设施4个方面,且认知度呈梯度下降趋势;2)民众景观情感整体呈积极倾向,但西湖公园较森林公园更佳;3)民众景观感知主要包括声景感知与香景感知两方面。西湖公园的景观感知度高于森林公园,且声景的感知度较香景更高。因此,从推动区域景观发展规划、完善基础设施建设以及提升城市公园人景交互3个方面提出城市公园的优化建议。

Landscape perception is the process of people's cognition,understanding and evaluation of the surrounding environment.It is an important content of urban social perception and is of great significance to understanding the needs of the people and improving the quality of the living environment.In the digital age,massive online user-generated content such as online comments has become a new data type for measuring landscape perception.Taking Fuzhou West Lake Park and Fuzhou National Forest Park as the research objects,based on the online comment data,comprehensively using content analysis and natural language processing methods to analyze three aspects of landscape cognition,landscape sentiment and landscape perception,the results show that:1)The public'slandscape cognition includes four aspects:background and environment,experience and evaluation,nature and landscape,and service and facilities,and the cognition shows a gradient downward trend.2)The public's landscape sentiment is generally positive,but the West Lake Park is better than the Forest Park.3)The public's landscape perception mainly includes two aspects:soundscape perception and aromascape perception.The landscape perception of West Lake Park is higher than that of Forest Park,and the perception of soundscape is higher than that of aromascape.Therefore,suggestions for optimizing urban parks are put forward from three aspects:promoting regional landscape development planning,improving infrastructure construction,and enhancing human-landscape interaction in urban parks.