受领他人错误汇款无罪论的教义学展开——兼及“价值返还”救济之提倡

The Doctrinal Doctrine of the Innocence of Receiving Wrongful Remittances——And the Advocacy of the Relief of Value Return

对狭义的受领错误汇款行为的处断,“有罪论”在理论中居于通说的地位。受领他人错误汇款既不符合侵占罪的对象要求,也不符合“非法占为己有”的目的,难以构成侵占罪。在柜台上支取款项的行为,既未达到诈骗罪所要求的程度,也未使银行工作人员“陷入错误认识而处分财物”,不应构成诈骗罪。受领人没有非法转移对现金的占有,银行并未遭受财产损失,因而也不成立盗窃罪。从民法上看,错误汇款人是该笔款项的所有权人,但其不能对他人无权占有的行为任意进行私力救济。根据缓和的“违法一元论”,民法上的合法行为在刑法中也不应被评价为犯罪行为。为了保证错误汇款人迅速得到救济,可以在我国提倡“价值返还”救济路径。

In the narrow sense of receiving the wrong remittance behavior,the theory of guilt is in the general position.Receiving other people’s wrong remittances neither meets the requirements of the object of the crime of embezzlement,nor meets the purpose of“illegal possession”,so it is difficult to constitute the crime of embezzlement.The act of withdrawing money on the counter does not reach the degree required by the crime of fraud,nor does it make the bank staff to“fall into a wrong understanding and dispose of property”,which should not constitute the crime of fraud.The recipient does not illegally transfer the possession of cash,and the bank does not suffer property damage,so it is not a crime of larceny.From the perspective of civil law,the wrong remitter is the owner of the money,but it cannot arbitrarily conduct private relief to the behavior of others who are not entitled to possession.According to the moderate monism of illegality,an act that is legal in civil law should not be evaluated as a criminal act in criminal law.In order to ensure the wrong remitters get relief quickly,we can advocate the relief path of value return in our country.