2021年北京市通州区中学生烟草、酒精流行情况及影响因素分析

Prevalence of tobacco and alcohol consumption and its influencing factors among middle school students in Tongzhou District of Beijing,2021

目的 了解北京市通州区中学生烟草、酒精流行现状,探讨中学生尝试吸烟、饮酒的主要影响因素,为制定有效的干预方案提供科学依据。方法 2021年10—12月采用普查的方法,调查通州区全部33所公立初中和高中的在校学生,共计21 520人。采用线上问卷调查的形式进行信息采集,使用SPSS 22.0软件进行数据分析。结果 2021年通州区中学生现在吸烟率1.67%,男生高于女生(2.41%vs.0.95%,χ^(2)=62.323,P<0.001);现饮酒率3.89%,男生高于女生(4.83%vs.2.99%,χ^(2)=43.643,P<0.001)。曾吸烟或饮酒行为的中学生中,61.39%第一次尝试吸烟的年龄在13岁及以前;48.01%首次饮酒年龄在13岁及以前。43.97%的中学生有烟草广告暴露,74.38%的中学生有酒类广告暴露。中学生吸烟行为与饮酒行为弱相关(χ^(2)=1 015.500,P<0.001,R=0.230)。中学生吸烟、饮酒行为发生的最主要危险因素为好朋友吸烟/饮酒(OR_(吸烟)=13.023,OR_(饮酒)=13.904)。结论 通州区中学生尝试吸烟和首次饮酒低龄化现象、烟草和酒类广告暴露严重,影响因素中好朋友有吸烟/饮酒行为相对危险度最高,应强化青少年吸烟饮酒危害有关的家庭教育,同时将同伴教育作为中学生吸烟、饮酒行为干预的重要内容,推进烟酒广告投放、市场营销等相关法律法规的建立健全。

Objective To understand the prevalence of tobacco and alcohol consumption among middle school students in Tongzhou District,Beijing,to explore the main factors influencing smoking and drinking attempts among middle school students,and to provide a scientific basis for formulating effective intervention programs.Methods From October to December 2021,the census method was used to survey a total of 21,520 students from all 33 public middle and high schools in Tongzhou District.Information was collected in the form of responses to an online questionnaire.SPSS 22.0 software was used for data analysis.Results In 2021,the current smoking rate among the middle school students in Tongzhou District was 1.67%,and it was higher in male students than female ones(2.41% vs.0.95%,χ^(2)=62.323,P<0.001).The current drinking rate was 3.89%,and it was higher in male students higher than in female ones(4.83% vs.2.99%,χ^(2)=43.643,P<0.001).Among the students who ever experienced with smoking or drinking,61.39% reported having smoked a cigarette firstly at the age of 13 years or before,and 48.01% reported having drunk alcohol firstly at the age of 13 years or before.43.97% of the middle school students had ever been exposed to tobacco advertisement,and 74.38% of the middle school students had ever been exposed to alcohol advertisement.Smoking behavior was weakly correlated with drinking behavior in the middle school students(χ^(2)=1 015.500,P<0.001,R=0.230).The main risk factor for smoking and drinking behavior in the middle school students was good friends' smoking/drinking(OR_(smoking)=13.023,OR_(drinking)=13.904).Conclusion The phenomenons of younger-aged smoking attempt and drinking for the first time and tobacco and alcohol advertisement exposure are serious.Among the influencing factors,students who have good friends with smoking and drinking behavior show the highest relative risk.It is necessary to enhance family education about smoking and drinking hazard;meanwhile,peer education should be regarded as an important part of the middle school students' smoking and drinking behavior intervention,and the establishment and improvement of laws and regulations related to advertising and marketing of tobacco and alcohol should be promoted.