阶段性发展评估工具在我国疾病预防控制机构中应用的优势和挑战

Advantages and challenges of the staged development tool applied in China’s disease control and prevention institutions

目的 对阶段性发展评估工具(staged development tool,SDT)在我国疾病预防控制(简称疾控)机构中应用的优势与挑战进行分析,并提出未来工作建议。方法 通过小组焦点访谈,了解我国疾控机构管理层和骨干专家对SDT的见解、在疾控机构应用的预期、意见和建议等,并运用主题框架分析法进行分析。结果 共有28名来自各级疾控机构的工作人员参加了研究。受访者平均年龄43.32(29~65)岁,以男性(57.14%)、省级疾控机构(78.57%)、高级职称(67.86%)、中层管理者(50.00%)和领导班子成员(17.86%)为主。超过70%的受访者认为SDT是兼具国际性、科学性、实用性的公共卫生机构发展评估工具,约40%的受访者认为他适用于国家级和省级疾控机构开展非绩效考核类自评。SDT不仅可以对使用机构的当前状况精准把脉、对未来发展规划提供有益参考并找到有效提升方法;还能锻炼使用者的思维能力、开阔视野、提高参与国际卫生治理水平。疾控机构的负责人和卫生主管部门的领导对于SDT的接受度将较大程度影响SDT引入中国的效果。同时,约36%的受访者指出,SDT所涵盖的评估领域与我国当前疾控机构的工作内容与职责存在一定差异。结论 SDT是一项国际通用成熟的、实用的公共卫生机构发展评估工具,适宜通过本土化调整后,在中国国家级和省级疾控机构应用。同时,可以通过会议或培训等形式使更多的疾控机构负责人和卫生管理部门领导熟悉、了解SDT,提升其使用效果。

Objective To analyze the advantages and challenges of the staged development tool(SDT) applied in China's disease control and prevention centers(CDCs),and to put forward suggestions for the future work.Methods Focus group interviews were conducted among managing-level staff and key experts from CDCs to learn about their views of SDT,especially the expectations,opinions and suggestions of SDT's application in CDCs.Data were analyzed through thematic framework analysis.Results A total of 28 employees from CDCs at different levels were involved in the survey.Of these 28 participants,the average age was 43.32(29-65) years.57.14% were men,78.57% were from provincial CDCs,67.86% had senior titles,50.00% were middle level managers and 17.86% were institutional leading members.Over 70% of the participants believed that SDT was an international,scientific and practical assessment tool for the development of public health institutions.About 40% of the participants identified that SDT was suitable for national and provincial CDCs to carry out non-performance-based self-assessments.It could not only accurately identify the current development stage of the institution,provide useful references for the future development plan and find effective improvement methods,but also exercise the users' thinking ability,broaden their horizons,and improve the level of participation in international health governance.The acceptance of SDT by the leading members of CDCs and health authorities would greatly affect the application of SDT in China.In the meanwhile,about 36% of the participants thought that there were gaps between the evaluation areas covered by SDT and the work contents and responsibilities of CDCs in China.Conclusion SDT is an internationally-used,mature and practical tool for evaluation on the development of public health institutions,and it is suitable for application in China' s national and provincial CDCs after localization and adjustment.At the same time,the understanding and acceptance of SDT by more leading members of disease control institutions and health authorities can be achieved through meetings and trainings so as to improve the effectiveness of SDT' s application in China.