算法自动化决策下的个体权利保护困境与出路

Individual Rights Protection Dilemma and New Ideas Under Algorithmic Automated Decision Making

数字经济时代下随着人工智能技术的发展,决策算法逐渐实现自动化,在解放人力资源的同时大幅提升了社会效率,推动着数字经济发展。但伴随而来的是算法权力的膨胀,令个体面临信息茧房、算法歧视、隐私泄露等多重威胁,算法为个体制造的权利保护困境近年来逐渐被学者所关注,立法者企图通过构建免自动化决策权以及算法解释权等权利创设路径帮助个体走出困境,但奈何算法技术黑箱的存在以及个体在数字领域的弱势地位的阻碍使行权难度过大,单一的赋权模式终究无法有效应对自动化决策风险。为此,我们亟需建立以事前预防为基点,以算法影响评估制度和算法审计规制细化落实为重点的自动化决策算法监管路径。

In the era of digital economy,with the development of artificial intelligence technology,deci⁃sion algorithms are automated gradually,improving social efficiency greatly as well as liberating human re⁃sources,automatic decision algorithms are applied to administration,business operation,sales and other fields gradually,have a profound impact on the functioning of society.But with that comes an expansion of algorithmic power,which makes individuals face multiple threats such as information cocoon,algorithm dis⁃crimination and privacy disclosure,the dilemma of rights protection created by algorithms for individuals has been gradually concerned by scholars in recent years,legislators attempts to build up a right creation path to set free from automated decision making and algorithm explanation,aiming to help the individuals out of dilemma.However,it is very hard to implement it due to the existence of the black box of algorithm tech⁃nology and the weak position of individuals in the digital field.The single empowerment model cannot effec⁃tively deal with the risk of automatic decision-making.We urgently need to set up an automatic decision-mak⁃ing algorithm supervision path based on prevention in advance and focusing on the detailed implementation of algorithm impact assessment system and algorithm audit regulations.