电网状态监测装置自取能技术综述

Review on Energy-harvesting Technology for Power Grid Condition Monitoring Device

在加快建设新型电力系统的背景下,电网中的分布式状态监测装置将大幅增加,供电单元的运维成本随之升高,未来的电网监测传感网络对于供电的稳定性、可靠性和经济性有更高的要求。与传输供电和蓄电池供电等方式相比,自取能供电技术具有可靠性较高、应用场景广和运维成本低等优点,是最有发展前景的供电方式之一。为此,首先对电网状态监测装置供电技术的现状和难点进行了分析;然后将自取能技术分为从系统内部取能和外部取能两个主要类别进行了综述,其中重点介绍了电流感应取能、电场感应取能和摩擦纳米发电机取能,这3种自取能方式结构多样、功率密度较高,具有较好的应用前景。其次,对自取能技术目前在供电可靠性、输出功率以及装置鲁棒性和使用寿命等方面面临的主要问题,以及相关技术进展和研究方向进行了总结和分析。最后,论述了组合自取能的重要意义和发展前景,并在此基础上对电网状态监测装置供电技术的发展趋势进行了展望。

In the construction of a new power system,the number of devices for monitoring the distributed conditions increases significantly,and the maintenance cost of power supply units rises.The future grid condition monitoring and sensing network has higher requirements for stability,reliability,and economy of power supply.Compared with transmission and battery power supply technologies,energy-harvesting power supply technology has the advantages of higher reliability,broader application scenarios,and lower maintenance costs,thus it will be one of the most promising suppy approaches.Firstly,we analyzed the current status and difficulties of power supply technology for grid condition monitoring devices.Then,we reviewed the mainstream self-harvesting technologies in two main categories,namely,the internal and the external energy harvesting.Among them,magnetic energy harvesting,electric energy harvesting,and triboelectric nanogenerator were highlighted.These three technologies have various structures,high power density,and broad application prospects.Furthermore,we summarized and analyzed the technical difficulties of the self-harvesting technology in terms of power supply reliability,output power,device robustness and service life,and the related technological progress and research directions.Finally,we discussed the significance and research direction of multimode energy harvesting,and investigated the development trend of power supply technology of condition monitoring devices.