生命图像中的时间和意识

Time as the Manifest Image of Life

将日常时间概念视为错误是一回事(现代科学或多或少地迫使我们去这样做),而将“错误”视为值得研究的科学现象又是另一回事。毕竟,生命的时间错误有一种内在必然性,它似乎不可避免。尽管科学不断向我们揭示正确的时间观,我们仍然会按照这个错误去生活。换句话说,生活中的时间图像,肯定包含一些非常真实的东西。结合概念分析和神经科学与认知科学的实证研究,重新审视生命与科学的时间图像之间的冲突,本文提出所谓的生命时间(所谓“显图像”)既是世界的图像,也是生命本身的图像。因此,生命的时间图像由两部分组成:反映世界事件的顺序和持续时间的事件时间,以及反映生命结构及其自我形象的生命时间。前者类似于物理时间,而后者属于生命的自我形象。一般来说,生命时间虽然大体上是人类意识的错觉,但却不能被视为纯粹错误,因为它反映了生命的真实本质。正如文章所揭示的那样,人类意识在正确的认知前提下有把生活中的空间关系进行时间化的倾向。

It is one thing to dismiss the ordinary understanding of time as confused and incorrect,which modern science more or less compels us to do,and quite another to treat the“error”as worthy of scientific inquiry on its own.After all,there seems to be something essential and necessary,or something inevitable,about the“error”since it is the error of our life.We live and will continue to live,in and in accordance with,the error despite what science has informed us of.In other words,there must be something deeply true about the time image of our life.Combining conceptual analysis and empirical studies from bio-and cognitive-science,this article reexamines the apparent contradistinction between the two images of time propounded respectively by life and science.We argue that the so-called life time(the“manifest image”of time)is both an image of the world and an image of life itself.Therefore,life time consists of two parts,(1)the event-time that reflects the sequence and duration of the world event,and(2)the life-time that reflects the structure of life and its self-image.The former is similar to the physical time,while the latter belongs to the self-image of life.In general,the manifest image,albeit being by and large an illusion of human consciousness,cannot be dismissed as false because it reflects the true nature of life.As revealed in the article,human consciousness has a tendency to temporalize the spatial relationship of living conditions under the right cognitive premise.