对亚里士多德有关“必然地得出”的几点看法

Some Views on Aristotle's“Necessarily Comes About”

何为逻辑一直是国内外逻辑学者们关注的核心议题之一。在回答该问题时,逻辑学创始人亚里士多德的观点通常需要被纳入考量。然而,亚里士多德本人却从未精确定义过逻辑。因此,学者们不得不聚焦于其逻辑著作《工具论》,以期找到答案。目前,在学界普遍接受逻辑是“关于推理与论证的学科”的前提下,逻辑学是否仅关注有效性就成为研究的关键了。尽管亚里士多德明确认为逻辑关注于“必然地得出”,然而从原文中我们发现,《前分析篇》与《论题篇》中对必然性的要求是存在差异的。甚至,《前分析篇》某种程度上也是允许非演绎推理的。这些发现将有助于我们理解何为逻辑,厘清亚里士多德逻辑观的范畴,并掌握“必然地得出”在逻辑学中的合理地位。

What logic is has always been one of the core issues concerned by logicians.In answering this question,the views of Aristotle,the founder of logic,should be taken into account.Aristotle himself,however,never defined logic precisely.Therefore,scholars had to focus on his logical work,Organon,in order to find the answer.At present,under the premise that logic is generally accepted as the discipline about reasoning and argument,whether logic only focuses on the validity has become the key problem.Although Aristotle clearly believes that logic is concerned with“necessarily comes about,”we can see from the original text that there is a difference in the requirement of necessity between Prior Analytics and Topics.To some extent,even the Prior Analytics allows non-deductive reasoning.These findings will help us to understand what logic is,clarify the scope of Aristotle's view on logic,and grasp the reasonable position of“necessarily comes about”in logic.