缅甸中文教育双轨格局及其影响因素

The Dual-track Pattern of Chinese Education in Myanmar and Its Influencing Factors

缅甸中文教育自1965年仰光外国语大学成立中文系以来,形成了民间办学和官方办学并行发展的双轨格局。如今,民间办学以华文教育为主体,各类私立语言培训机构、国际学校多元化发展;官方办学主要集中于高校,已有相对完整的中文相关专业本、硕、博人才培养体系。缅甸孔子课堂,作为中缅合作办学的代表,已逐渐成为满足缅甸社会多元中文学习需求的重要中文教育力量,并成为双轨发展格局下,二者之间的桥梁与纽带。受地缘、历史、中缅关系、经济、教育环境与教育政策等诸多因素影响,缅甸中文教育兼具历史复杂性和国别独特性。

Since the establishment of the Chinese Department of YUFL in 1965,Chinese education in Myanmar has formed a dual-track pattern of parallel development of private schools and official schools.Nowadays,private schools are mainly based on Chinese education,and various private language training institutions and international schools are developing in a diversified way;official schools are mainly concentrated in colleges and universities,and there is a relatively complete training system for Chinese-related majors,masters and Ph.D.The Confucius Classroom in Myanmar,as a representative of China-Myanmar cooperation in running schools,has gradually become an important Chinese education force to meet the diverse Chinese learning needs of Myanmar society,and has become a bridge and link between the two under the dual-track development pattern.Affected by many factors such as geography,history,China-Myanmar relations,economy,educational environment and educational policies,Chinese education in Myanmar has both historical complexity and national uniqueness.