高轨光学观测星座构型设计与覆盖率分析

Configuration Design of High Orbit Optical Observation Constellation and Coverage Analysis

空间态势日益紧张使高轨卫星受到来自空间碎片和其他航天器的威胁,建立高轨天基态势感知系统,实现对高轨目标的观测与编目,对保障高轨卫星正常工作意义重大.光学观测和红外观测相比,具有被动无源、能量消耗小、适合长期工作的优势.本文对高轨光学观测星座进行构型设计与覆盖率分析,根据光学载荷成像特性,建立可见性约束模型.以有限时间内非重复目标覆盖率为优化指标,基于分解优化策略,将构型优化设计问题转换成多个单星轨道根数优化问题,利用差分进化(differential evolution,DE)算法优化.通过仿真比较分解优化策略和整体优化策略的效果,结果表明分解优化策略具备更好的全局寻优特性,根据结果分析了观测卫星数量和非重复目标覆盖率的关系,讨论了非重复目标覆盖率的边际效应.

The increasing tension in space exposes high-orbit satellites to threats from space debris and other spacecrafts.The establishment of a high-orbit space-based situational awareness system,which enables observation and cataloguing of high-orbiting targets,is of great significance to guarantee the normal operation of high-orbiting satellites.Optical observation has the advantages of passive passivity,low energy consumption and suitable for long-term operation compared with infrared observation.In this paper,the configuration design and coverage analysis of the high-orbit optical observation constellation are carried out.A visibility constraint model is established based on the imaging characteristics of the optical load.Target coverage with finite time is established as the optimization index.The configuration optimization design problem is transformed into multiple single satellite optimization problems by decomposition optimization strategy.The differential evolution(DE)algorithm is used for constellation configuration optimal design.The simulation results show that the decomposition optimization strategy has better global optimization characteristics.The relationship between the number of observation satellites and the target coverage is analyzed and the marginal effect of non-repetitive target coverage is discussed.