导师指导对博士生培养质量的影响研究

Influence of Supervisors'Guidance on Doctoral Training Quality

对2306名博士生的调查研究发现,导师在不同培养环节上均给予博士生较为充分的学术指导,绝大部分博士生认可导师良师益友的作用,亦有一定比例的博士生反映科研任务过重、缺乏自主探索感兴趣研究机会以及从事低水平重复性科研工作等问题,这一现象在理工类学科中表现较为严重。实证研究表明,在提升博士生培养质量方面,科研过程中的研究方法与技能训练、高压力的科研任务和高频有效的学术指导等自变量发挥着较为重要的正向影响,而低水平重复性的科研工作则具有明显的负向作用。博士生导师指导中应注重与博士生协商制定个性化培养方案,加强日常学术指导投入,重视博士生参与原创性的科研课题,开展有效的学术训练。

A survey of 2306 doctorate candidates shows that the supervisors have provided adequate academic guidance at different stages.However,a certain proportion of the doctorate candidates report the overload of scientific researches,lack of opportunities in doing independent exploration out of their own interest,and low-level repetitive scientific researches.There are more such reports in the disciplines of science and engineering.Among the factors influencing doctoral training quality,methodology and skill training,scientific research tasks,and high-frequency effective academic guidance and two other factors,have important positive effects.On the other hand,low-level repetitive researches have obvious negative effects.Therefore,the supervisors should consult with their students and set up personalized training programs,increase their academic guidance,and encourage the doctorate candidates to participate in original scientific researches.