中印药品专利标准、许可及侵权救济比较研究

A Comparative Study on the Standards,Licenses and Infringement Remedies of Pharmaceutical Patents between China and India

中印两国有关药品专利的立法有三大差异:印对改进型药品的专利标准高于我国,在一定程度上有助于提高其药品的创新水平;印的专利强制许可规定较为详细,启动条件比我国更具有操作性;印对专利侵权的救济力度低于我国,不具有惩罚性。专利制度的相对合理性使得印的专利实施取得很大实效。鉴此,我国立法应提升改进型药品专利的授予标准、扩大强制许可的申请主体,并对“公共利益”作出细化规定,同时继续完善药品专利侵权救济制度。

There are three major differences in legislation related to drug patents between China and India:In⁃dia's patent standard for improved drugs is higher than China's,which helps to improve its drug innovation level to a certain extent;India's patent compulsory license provisions are more detailed,the start-up conditions are more op⁃erational than those in China;India's remedies for patent infringement is lower than China's,which is not punitive.The relative rationality of the patent system has led to significant effectiveness in the implementation of patents in In⁃dia.Therefore,China's legislation should improve the granting standards of improved drug patents,expand the sub⁃ject of compulsory licensing applications,and make detailed provisions on"public interest",continue to improve the remedy system for drug patent infringement at the same time.