2000—2020年广西土地利用转型及其生态环境效应分析

Land use transformation and its ecological and environmental effects in Guangxi from 2000 to 2020

基于2000年、2010年和2020年土地利用数据,通过土地利用转移矩阵和用地变化率研究广西土地利用转型特征;利用生态环境质量指数和生态贡献率进一步定量分析土地利用转型产生的生态环境效应,探讨土地利用转型对生态环境效应带来的影响。结果表明,广西土地利用类型空间分布差异较大,林地主要分布在桂西北和桂东南,耕地分布在桂中地区,建设用地主要集中于南宁市、桂林市和柳州市城区;研究期内,土地利用转型主要以耕地和林地的相互转化以及耕地转为建设用地为主,并且耕地转移强度加大;生态环境质量变化平稳,呈先下降后上升的趋势,耕地和林地的相互转化是影响生态环境质量的主导因素。因此,政府应该优化土地利用结构,集约利用建设用地,保护耕地质量、数量,积极落实保护林草地政策,提高生态环境质量,保证区域可持续发展。

Based on the land use data of 2000,2010 and 2020,the characteristics of land use transition in Guangxi were studied through the land use transfer matrix and land use change rate.The ecological and environmental effects of land use transition were fur⁃ther quantitatively analyzed by using the ecological and environmental quality index and ecological contribution rate,and the impact of land use transformation on the ecological and environmental effects was discussed.The results showed that there were great differences in the spatial distribution of land use types in Guangxi.The forest land was mainly distributed in northwest and southeast Guangxi,the cultivated land was distributed in central Guangxi,and the construction land was mainly concentrated in Nanning City,Guilin City and Liuzhou City.During the study period,land use transformation was mainly dominated by the mutual conversion of cultivated land and forest land and the conversion of cultivated land into construction land,and the intensity of the transfer of cultivated land in⁃creased.The change of ecological and environmental quality was stable,showing a trend of first decreasing and then increasing,and the mutual transformation of cultivated land and forest land was the dominant factor affecting ecological and environmental quality.Therefore,the government should optimize the land use structure,make intensive use of construction land,protect the quality and quantity of cultivated land,actively implement the policy of protecting forest and grassland,improve the quality of ecological environ⁃ment,and ensure the sustainable development of the region.