基于24Model城镇燃气工程施工安全事故原因分析

Cause Analysis of Safety Accidents in Urban Gas Engineering Construction Based on 24Model

为分析事故原因并降低事故发生频次,统计了2013—2020年城镇燃气行业的49起工程施工安全事故,分析事故发生地域及责任主体分布,按事故类型统计了死亡人数、直接经济损失及不同施工内容事故发生频次,并应用24Model进行事故原因分析,给出建议。研究结果表明:坍塌、高处坠落、中毒和窒息事故死亡人数占比及直接经济损失占比均在15%以上。事故的直接原因,在242个人的不安全动作中,施工单位、建设单位、监理单位、其他单位人的不安全动作发生频次占比分别为51.65%、23.97%、8.26%、16.12%。人的不安全动作中,对施工现场安全监管不到位发生频次最高。在23个物的不安全状态中,施工单位、建设单位、其他单位发生频次占比分别为65.22%、8.70%、26.08%。物的不安全状态中,焊缝质量不合格发生频次最高。事故的间接原因,在23个安全能力缺欠中,施工单位占73.91%,其他单位占26.09%。对有限空间发生窒息危险的知识不足发生频次最高。事故的根本原因,在74个安全管理体系缺欠中,施工单位、建设单位、监理单位、其他单位根本原因发生频次占比分别为52.70%、20.27%、2.70%、24.33%。施工现场没有设置安全管理人员或人员不足发生频次最高。建议在进行燃气管道沟槽、工作坑开挖,室外立管及水平管的安装及维护改造,阀门井、沟槽内管道接驳等施工时,需针对性加强防范坍塌、高处坠落、中毒和窒息等事故的发生。建议施工、建设等单位加强安全培训、严控相关方准入、从严落实技术交底、加强施工现场隐患排查。建议施工单位及其他单位针对特殊作业安全知识向施工人员进行多轮次多形态的宣贯及应急培训。建议施工、其他单位建立健全安全生产责任制,制定合规专项施工方案,规范施工组织设计,加强施工现场安全监管。

In order to analyze the causes of accidents and reduce the frequency of accidents,49 construction safety accidents in the urban gas industry from 2013 to 2020 were counted.The distribution of accident areas and the responsible subjects was analyzed,and the number of fatalities,direct economic losses,and frequency of accidents with different construction contents were calculated based on accident types.The 24Model was used to analyze the causes of accidents and suggestions were given.The research results show that the proportions of fatalities and direct economic losses from collapses,fall from height,poisoning and suffocation accidents were both over 15%.Direct causes of accidents:among 242 unsafe human actions,the frequency proportions of construction units,project owners,supervision units,and other units were 51.65%,23.97%,8.26%and 16.12%,respectively.The frequency of inadequate safety supervision on construction sites was the highest among unsafe human actions.In the unsafe state of 23 objects,the frequency proportions of construction units,construction units and other units were 65.22%,8.70%and 26.08%,respectively.In the unsafe state of objects,the frequency of unqualified weld quality was the highest.Indirect causes of accidents:among the 23 safety capacity deficiencies,construction units accounted for 73.91%,while other units accounted for 26.09%.The frequency of insufficient knowledge about the risk of suffocation in limited spaces was the highest.Root causes of accidents:among the 74 safety management system deficiencies,the frequency proportions of construction units,project owners,supervision units and other units were 52.70%,20.27%,2.70%and 24.33%,respectively.The frequency of no or insufficient safety manager on construction sites was the highest.It is recommended to strengthen targeted measures to prevent accidents such as collapses,falling from heights,poisoning and suffocation during constructions such as excavation of gas pipeline trenches and working pits,installation,maintenance and transformation of outdoor vertical and horizontal pipes,and pipe connection in valve wells and trenches.It is recommended that construction units and project owners strengthen safety training,strictly control the access of relevant parties,strictly implement technical disclosure,and strengthen the investigation of hidden dangers at construction sites.It is recommended that the construction unit and other units conduct multi-round and multi-form publicity and emergency training for construction personnel on special operation safety knowledge.It is recommended that construction and other units establish and improve the safety production responsibility system,formulate special construction plans for compliance,standardize construction organization design,and strengthen construction site safety supervision.