明代通惠河郎中建置初探

A Preliminary Study on the Construction of Tonghui River Director in Ming Dynasty

通惠河是元明清三代京通漕运的咽喉要道和大运河世界遗产的重要组成部分.明嘉靖七年,伴随通惠河再次疏浚通漕,朝廷专设工部都水清吏司郎中一员,负责督理通惠河并兼管通州至天津之间运河河道,沿河闸坝、堤岸、水道之修治,州县卫所管河官吏人夫之提调,河工经费之征解,通州仓及砖木等厂之修缮,均是其职责范围.通惠河郎中的专设,标志着明代通惠河管理体制的确立以及京杭大运河分段管理模式的最终完成,是维持明后期至清前期京通至天津间漕运畅通的关键性制度保障.

Tonghui River is an important part of the Grand Canal World Heritage as well as the throat of the canals of the three generations of the Yuan,Ming and Qing dynasties.In the seventh year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty,with the dredging of the Tonghui River again,the imperial Court set up a director in the Bureau of Irrigation and Transportation of the Ministry of Works to supervise the Tonghui River and manage the canals between Tongzhou and Tianjin,repair the sluys,dams,banks and waterways along the river,promote and transfer the officials and servitude in charge of the rivers in prefectures,counties and Guard Houses,collect and dispose of the river construction funds,and repair the Tongzhou warehouse and brick anz wood factories.The special establishment of Tonghui River director marked the establishment of the management system of Tonghui River in Ming Dynasty and the final completion of the section management mode of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal,and was a key institutional guarantee to maintain the smooth transport between Tongzhou and Tianjin from the late Ming Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty.