杨应秀《论语讲说》对朱熹哲学思想的扬弃

The Sublation of Zhu Xi's Philosophical Thought in Yang Yingxiu's Analects of Confucius

杨应秀记录了求学时听到的师生之间关于《论语》和《四书章句集注》的讨论,采用语录体写成了《论语讲说》一书.在书中,他继承朱熹的"理"本体论思想,重点论证了阴阳二气存在的合理性;心性论层面上,他选择孟子的"性善论",认为人与物皆有"仁义礼智信"五性,并提出了除"道心""人心"之外的"知觉之心";工夫论层面上,他主张"知行合一",也可按情况对一方有所侧重,还强调"知"重在积累,"行"需符合"恕"的要求.通过对《论语讲说》的研究可见,杨应秀在一定程度上继承了朱熹的思想,却未因此而失去自己的思想特色.

Yang Yingxiu recorded the discussion between teachers and students about The Analects of Confucius and The Annotations on the Chapters and Sentences of the Four Books when he was studying,and wrote the book The Analects of Confucius in the form of quotations.In the book,he inherits Zhu Xi's ontology of"li"and focuses on demonstrating the rationality of the existence of yin and yang;On the level of the theory of nature,he chooses Mencius'theory of"good nature",believing that both humans and objects have the five qualities of"benevolence,righteousness,propriety,intelligence,and trust",and proposes the"perceptual heart"in addition to the"Dao heart"and"human heart";On the level of Theory of cultivation,he advocates for the unity of knowledge and action and can focus on one side according to the situation.He also stressed that"knowledge"lay emphasis on accumulation,and"action"must meet the requirements of"forgiveness".Through the study of The Analects of Confucius,it can be seen that Yang Yingxiu inherited Zhu Xi's ideas to a certain extent,but did not lose his own ideological characteristics.