图灵测试与社会认知

The Turing Test and Social Cognition

图灵测试是AI的哲学基础,曾一度激励了AI的发展。今天,一些人仍将它看作AI的“黄金标准”,但更多的人认为它已然“过时”。那些对图灵测试的批评源于对它的误解,其中包括行为主义、取消主义、归纳主义解读。一旦这些误解得以澄清,批评也就失效。更为重要的是,即便是图灵测试的支持者,也大都未能领会它所蕴含的深刻洞见。这个洞见就是,智能是个“情绪概念”。与智能的“情绪概念”相匹配的是对图灵测试的反应依赖解读。普劳德富是此立场的当代倡导者。不过,她对反应依赖解读的表述是有问题的。机器要通过图灵测试就需要具有与人类相当的社会认知能力。这告诉我们,要建造具有真正智能的机器,其关键在社会认知,而非像很多人所想的那样,重在对智能的隐匿本质给出计算解释。

The Turing test is one of the philosophical pillars of AI,which has spurred the development of AI.Nowadays,while some people still deem it to be"the golden standard"of AI,many think it is"out",and""the time has come to bid farewell to it".This paper shows that many criticisms against the Turing test is resulted from misunderstanding.This includes the behaviorist interpretation,the eliminative interpretation and the inductive interpretation.Once these misunderstandings are cleared,those criticisms correspondingly dissolve.However,what is more important is that even most of supporters of the Turing test do not get the deep insight an Turing produced in it.The deep insight is that intelligence is an"emotional concept".This paper agrees with Diane Proudfoot that it is the response-dependent interpretation that matches the idea that intelligence is an"emotional concept".However,the account Proudfoot makes is problematic.This paper gives an adequate account of the response-dependent interpretation and argues that the adequate account implies that a machine must be endowed with social cognition capacities for it to pass the Turing test.This implication tells us that the key for building a machine which has real intelligence lies not in giving a computational account of the hidden essence of intelligence,but in social cognition.