中国成年居民膳食模式的区域分布特征

Distribution of Regional Dietary Pattern in Adults Chinese Residents

目的:描述我国成年居民膳食模式的区域性分布特征。方法:利用2015年中国成人慢性病与营养监测298个监测点中18岁及以上成年居民人群的食物频率法膳食调查数据,计算得出监测点水平食物的平均摄入量,并采用2010年国家统计局公布的城乡人口比,对各省内监测点水平的平均摄入量进行加权,获得省级水平食物摄入量。采用k均值聚类法对我国31个省(直辖市、自治区)现有的膳食模式进行区域划分,并比较我国不同膳食模式区域间膳食特征的地域性差异。结果:将我国31个省(自治区、直辖市)的膳食模式划分为八大区域,并依次命名为“长江流域”“南部沿海”“都市地区”“黄河上游”“黄河中下游”“北部地区”“新疆地区”“西藏地区”。“长江流域”和“南部沿海”膳食特征十分相似,均表现为大米及制品、蔬菜、猪肉和水产品等食物摄入较多,面粉及制品和薯类等摄入较少,相较而言“南部沿海”的居民动物性食物总摄入量更高;“都市地区”粗粮、蔬菜、水果、乳类及制品、水产品、蛋类和油炸食物等摄入较多,畜肉适量,腌制食物和酒类摄入较少;“黄河上游”面粉及制品、薯类、牛肉、羊肉、腌制食品和含糖饮料等食物摄入较多,蔬菜、水果、水产品摄入较少;“黄河中下游”面粉及制品、粗粮和蛋类较多,大米及制品和牛肉等食物摄入较少;“北部地区”薯类、豆类及制品和腌制食品等食物摄入较多,水产品适量,蔬菜、水果、畜肉等摄入较少;“新疆地区”面粉及制品、水果、坚果、乳类及制品、牛肉、羊肉、蛋类和含糖饮料等食物摄入较多,水产品摄入少;“西藏地区”猪肉、羊肉、乳类及制品和含糖饮料等食物摄入较多,而蔬菜、水果、禽肉等摄入较少,水产品极少。结论:我国成年居民的膳食模式具有较明显的地域性差异,这可为我国不同膳食模式区域内居民的膳食指导提供有力的科学依据,具有重要公共卫生意义。

Objective To investigate the correlation between vitamin D nutritional status and stroke-related insomnia.Method Totally 70 stroke patients attending the Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine at our hospital from June 2020 to June 2021 were collected for this study,and the patients′insomnia status was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)scale,and PSQI>7 was classified as insomnia,and the patients were divided into an insomnia group(22 cases)and a control group(48 cases)according to whether they had insomnia or not.General information such as patients′age,years of education,and laboratory data on serum 25(OH)D_(3),calcium,phosphorus,homocysteine(HCY),C-reactive protein(CRP),creatinine,and uric acid levels were collected,and 25(OH)D_(3)<20 ng/mL was considered deficient,<30 ng/mL was considered insufficient,and≥30 ng/mL was considered sufficient.The Hamilton Anxiety(HAMA)scale and the Hamilton Depression(HAMD)scale were used to assess patients'anxiety and depression.The risk factors for stroke-related insomnia were first analyzed univariately,and variables with differences were included in a multifactorial logistic regression analysis to explore the correlation between vitamin D nutritional status and insomnia.Result There were no differences in age,BMI,household registration,years of education,smoking,hypertension,diabetes mellitus,and hyperlipidemia between the insomnia and control groups,while more patients in the insomnia group consumed alcohol than the control group,and HAMA and HAMD scores were significantly higher than the control group,while serum 25(OH)D_(3) levels were significantly lower than the control group,and the rate of vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency was higher in the insomnia group than the control group(all with P<0.05).Multiple Factor analysis showed that high HAMA and HAMD scores,high serum HCY levels and the presence of vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency were risk factors for insomnia in stroke patients(P<0.05).Conclusion Poor vitamin D nutritional status,high serum HCY levels,alcohol consumption,and anxiety and depression are all risk factors for stroke-related insomnia.In clinical practice,attention should be paid to serum vitamin D levels in stroke patients to reduce insomnia rates and improve patient prognosis.