乌鲁木齐市931名孕妇营养素养现状及其影响因素调查分析

Investigation and Analysis on The Status Quo and Influencing Factors of Nutrition Literacy of 931 Pregnant Women in Urumqi City

目的:通过问卷调查,了解在乌鲁木齐市妇幼保健院进行产检的孕妇的营养健康素养情况,发现乌鲁木齐市妇幼保健院孕妇在营养健康素养方面的特点和存在的问题,为提高孕产妇营养健康素养、减少妊娠期并发症、改善妊娠结局提供参考依据。方法:采用问卷调查的方式,以2021年8月—2022年6月期间在乌鲁木齐市妇幼保健院进行产检的妊娠期妇女为对象,进行营养健康素养状况调查,再进行相关因素的单因素和多因素分析。结果:931例孕妇的孕产期营养健康知识部分平均得分为(6.24±1.98)分(范围0~12分),婴幼儿期营养健康知识部分平均得分为(4.26±2.97)分(范围0~12分),总得分平均值为(10.50±4.21)分(范围0~24分),总合格率为23.31%。研究生以上文化程度(P=0.004)、有代谢性疾病家族史(P=0.000)和孕前有运动习惯(P=0.000)的孕妇孕产期营养健康知识平均得分较高;小学及以下文化程度(P=0.001)、非初产孕妇(P=0.000)、未保过胎的孕妇(P=0.001)和孕前没有吸烟习惯的(P=0.017)婴幼儿期营养健康知识平均得分较高;非初产孕妇(P=0.000)、孕前有运动习惯(P=0.002)和孕前没有吸烟习惯的孕妇(P=0.008)总体营养健康素养较高。结论:乌鲁木齐市妇幼保健院孕妇总体营养健康素养水平有待提高,应加强对文化程度较低、初产孕妇以及生活习惯较差的孕妇的健康教育。

Objective To investigate the status of nutrition and health literacy of pregnant women in Urumqi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital,and to find out the characteristics and problems of nutrition and health literacy of pregnant women in Urumqi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital,so as to provide reference for improving the nutrition and health literacy of pregnant women,reducing pregnancy complications and improving pregnancy outcomes.Method A questionnaire survey was conducted among pregnant women who underwent prenatal examination in Urumqi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital from August 2021 to June 2022,the nutrition and health literacy status was investigated,and the related factors were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis.Result The average score of nutrition and health knowledge of 931 pregnant women was 6.24±1.98(range 0—12),the average score of nutrition and health knowledge of infants was 4.26±2.97(range 0—12),the average total score was 10.50±4.21(range 0—24),and the total qualified rate was 23.31%.The average score of nutrition and health knowledge was higher in pregnant women with postgraduate education or above(P=0.004),family history of metabolic diseases(P=0.000)and exercise habit before pregnancy(P=0.000).The average score of infant nutrition and health knowledge was higher in pregnant women with primary school education or below(P=0.001),non-primiparous women(P=0.000),pregnant women with unprotected pregnancy(P=0.001)and those without smoking habit before pregnancy(P=0.017).Non-primiparous women(P=0.000),those who had exercise habit(P=0.002)and no smoking habit(P=0.008)before pregnancy had higher nutrition and health literacy.Conclusion The overall nutrition and health literacy level of pregnant women in Urumqi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital needs to be improved.Health education should be strengthened for pregnant women with low education level,primiparas and poor living habits.