疾控机构青年职工健康行为相关因素研究

Relevant Factors of Health Behaviors of Young Employees in Center for Disease Control and Prevention

目的:了解全国省级及以上疾控机构青年职工健康行为状况及其相关因素。方法:采用整群抽样的方法,对国家级和省(自治区、直辖市)级和新疆建设兵团共31个疾控机构40岁及以下职工共计6 099人,以网络问卷的形式开展饮食与健康相关行为调查。结果:共收集有效问卷5 353份。调查显示,睡眠时间≤6个小时的比例为30.1%,每日坚持运动时间>30min比例为32.6%,每周不吃早餐频次≥6次的比例为10.1%,4.3%的受访者每周在外就餐(外卖)次数在8次以上,不喝含糖饮料的比例为34.6%,完全符合膳食推荐摄入量的比例为18.9%。相关性分析结果显示,睡眠时间与性别、学历、慢病等因素呈正相关(r=0.04、0.03、0.11,P<0.05),与年龄、职称、BMI呈负相关(r=-0.10、-0.05、-0.06,P<0.01);运动时间与婚姻状况、慢病呈负相关(r=-0.06、-0.03,P<0.05);不吃早餐行为与婚姻状况、BMI相关(r=0.07、0.03,P<0.05),与性别、职称、岗位满意度呈负相关(r=-0.02、-0.06、-0.03,P<0.05);外出就餐行为与婚姻状况相关(r=0.10,P<0.01),与年龄、学历、职称、岗位满意度、慢病家族史等呈负相关(r=-0.06、-0.07、-0.07、-0.06、-0.04,P<0.01);摄入含糖饮料行为与年龄、性别、学历相关(r=0.09、0.06、0.09,P<0.01),与婚姻状况、BMI、岗位满意度呈负相关(r=-0.08、-0.04、-0.01,P<0.01);合理膳食行为与年龄、学历、职称、慢病、慢病家族史相关(r=0.05、0.09、0.15、0.08、0.12,P<0.01),与BMI呈负相关(r=-0.10,P<0.05)。结论:疾控机构青年职工健康相关行为存在一定不合理情况,且与多种因素有关,应针对性地加强健康教育和指导。

Objective To investigate the health behavior status and relevant factors of young employees in provincial and national Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Method The diet and health-related behaviors of a total of 6099 employees aged less than 40 years from national and 31 provincial Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)were investigated by using cluster sampling.Result A total of 5353 validated questionnaires were collected.The percentage of employees with shorter sleep durations(≤6h)was 30.1%,the percentage of employees who exercised more than half an hour a day was 32.6%,the percentage of employees who didn′t have breakfast more than 6 times per week was 10.1%,the percentage of employees who ordered takeout food more than 8 times per week was 4.3%,the percentage of employees who didn′t drink sugary drinks was 34.6%,the percentage of employees with rational diet was only 18.9%.The results of the correlation analysis showed that sleep duration was positively correlated multi-factors,such as gender,education,chronic diseases(r=0.04,0.03 and 0.11,P<0.05),and was negatively correlation with age,position and BMI(r=-0.10,-0.05 and-0.06,P<0.01).Exercise time was negatively correlated with marital status and chronic diseases(r=-0.06 and-0.03,P<0.05).Breakfast behavior was positively correlation with marital status and BMI(r=0.07and 0.03,P<0.05),and was negatively correlation with gender,position and position satisfaction(r=-0.02,-0.06 and-0.03,P<0.05).The behavior of takeout food ordering was positively correlation with marital status(r=0.10,P<0.01),and was negatively correlation with age,education,position,position satisfaction,family history of chronic diseases(r=-0.06,-0.07,-0.07,-0.06 and-0.04,P<0.01).Sugary drinks intake was positively correlation with age,gender and education(r=0.09,0.06 and 0.09,P<0.01),and was negatively correlation with marital status,BMI and position satisfaction(r=-0.08,-0.04 and-0.01,P<0.01).Rational diet was positively correlation with age,education,position,chronic diseases and family history of chronic diseases(r=0.05,0.09,0.15,0.08 and 0.12,P<0.01),and was negatively correlation with BMI(r=-0.10,P<0.05).Conclusion There are many unreasonable health-related behaviors of youth employee in CDC,and the above behaviors are related to various factors.It should provide more standardized health education and health guidance to youth employees.