循环包装箱全生命周期碳足迹计算方法研究

Calculation Method of Life Cycle Carbon Footprint of Circulating Packaging

目的针对目前循环箱碳足迹的计算缺乏统一标准且相关研究较少,使循环箱的环保价值存疑的问题,本文对循环包装箱的碳足迹进行研究,旨在建立一种适用于循环包装的基于生命周期评价(LCA)方法的碳排放计算模型。方法基于全生命周期评价方法,参考国内A循环包装企业B2B应用场景,采用eFootprint软件及数据库量化分析。由于聚丙烯材料具有可循环利用的特点,在快递循环包装中广泛应用,本文以聚丙烯材料的循环箱为例进行碳足迹的研究。以1 m^(2)的循环快递包装箱为功能单位,采用“从摇篮到坟墓”的方法对其生产、运营、回收等过程的物耗、能耗及环境排放进行环境影响量化比较。结果研究评价分析了各个单元过程中对全球变暖潜值这一环境指标的贡献值。结果显示,循环包装箱碳排放贡献主要来源于4个方面:循环使用过程运输排放,约占总排放的57.95%;其次为原材料聚丙烯,约占总排放的24.25%;电力排放包括生产、清洗2个阶段的电力,占总排放的11.71%;报废后垃圾焚烧处理过程排放,占总排放的5.33%。使用近50次的二氧化碳当量为9.8541 kg/m^(2)。结论循环包装单次使用排放低于相同面积单位5层瓦楞纸箱的碳排放,说明在理想条件下循环包装具有较高的环保价值。

Based on the lack of uniform standards for calculation of carbon footprint of circulating boxes and the lack of relevant research,which make the environmental value of circulating boxes questionable,the work aims to study the carbon footprint of circulating boxes,to establish a carbon emission calculation model based on the life cycle assessment(LCA)method applicable to circulating packaging.Based on the full life cycle assessment method and referring to the B2B application scenarios of domestic circulating packaging enterprise A,eFootprint software and database were used for quantitative analysis.Due to the recyclability of polypropylene material,it was widely used in circulating packaging of express.With the circulating box of polypropylene material as an example,the carbon footprint was studied.With a 1 m^(2) circulating express packaging box as the functional unit,the method of"from cradle to grave"was adopted to quantita-tively compare the material consumption,energy consumption and environmental impact of its production,operation,recycling and other processes.The contribution value of each unit process to the global warming potential,an environmental indicator,was evaluated and analyzed.The results showed that the contribution of carbon emissions from circulating packaging mainly came from four aspects:the transport emissions from the recycling process,accounting for 57.95%of the total emissions;followed by raw material polypropylene,accounting for 24.25%of the total emissions;electric power emission,including power generated in production and cleaning,accounting for 11.71%of the total emissions;and waste incineration process after scrapping,accounting for 5.33%of the total emissions.The CO_(2) equivalent of using nearly 50 times was 9.8541 kg/m^(2).The carbon emission in single use of the circulating packaging is far lower than that of the 5-layer corrugated box with the same area unit,indicating that the recycling packaging has high environmental protection value under ideal conditions.