对我国犯罪附随后果立法实践的审视与重构

The Review of Legislative Practice on Collateral Consequences and Reconstitution of Legislation

犯罪附随后果涉及对犯罪人基本权利的限制或剥夺,对这些个体有深远影响。犯罪附随后果是必要的预防再犯、保护社会的手段,但随着其运用日趋严厉,它逐渐成为犯罪人的沉重负担,背离了预防犯罪的目标。为改善立法过度设立的问题,需要限定有设立犯罪附随后果权力的规范性文件类型,规定再犯风险的实质条件和相关性要件,并以法官裁量且有期限型附随后果为原则。

Collateral Consequences of Crimes will restrict or deprive criminals’basic rights,therefore,they have significant influences on criminals.Collateral consequences are necessary for preventing recidivism and protecting public security,whereas these consequences are becoming more and more severe that they are burdensome for criminals and deviating from the goal of preventing crimes.In order to resolve the problems caused by stipulations of collateral consequences,we ought to limit the legislative authority of collateral consequences,append propensity to recidivism as substantial element and the requirement of relevance,take discretionary disqualification with a term as the primary form.