保护还是控制:未成年人不可为条款扩张热的冷思考

Protection or control:Rational Thinking about the Rapid Expansion of Terms of Juvenile Delinquency

未成年人保护法与各地未成年人保护条例在修订过程中都大幅扩展了未成年人不可为的行为范围。通过文本分析可发现,这类条款的主要特征是“成年人可为而未成年人不可为”,直接规制对象是社会中的生产经营者,间接规制对象是热衷新事物的青少年群体。但是,这类条款在实际运行中因执法成本高昂而无法实现禁止目标,因“成年人可为”的例外而无法实现教化目标,因法律未禁止相同性质的行为而无法实现规训目标。除此之外,这类条款在法律父爱主义的审视下还存在错配干预对象、过度控制未成年人等正当性瑕疵。为实现对未成年人利益的恰当保护,应确保“最有利于未成年人原则”在未成年人法律中的核心地位,并以人格平等的视角宽容对待未成年人。

The minor protection Law and local minor protection regulations have greatly expanded the scope of acts that minors cannot do in the process of revision.Through text analysis,it can be found that the main feature of such clauses is that"adults can do something but minors cannot do something".The direct regulation object is the business operators in the society,and the indirect regulation object is the young people who are keen on new things.However,in actual operation,such clauses cannot achieve the prohibition goal because of the high law enforcement cost,cannot achieve the educational goal because of the exception of"adult can do",and cannot achieve the disciplinary goal because the law does not prohibit the same nature of behavior.In addition,under the scrutiny of legal paternity,such articles also have defects in the legitimacy of mismatching intervention objects and excessive control of minors.In order to properly protect the interests of minors,we should ensure the core position of the principle of"best interests of minors"in the juvenile law,and treat minors with tolerance from the perspective of personality equality.