中国旅居养老空间发展模式研究

Spatial development model of senior residential tourism based on rural revitalization

旅居养老是养老需求升级的产物,有效契合了乡村振兴的国家发展战略。在把握旅居养老内涵的基础上,借助推拉理论构建发展分析框架,综合运用多种分析方法探讨了中国乡村旅居养老的时空格局演变及其形成机制,并进一步揭示和剖析了典型发展模式。研究发现:①旅居养老是老年群体出于深度体验与生活居住的双重目的,前往旅居地持续性居住的养老方式,对其内涵的把握需厘清行动主体、行为动机、时间界限、移动距离等关键性问题。②在时间维度上,中国乡村旅居养老经历了萌芽期、缓慢发展期、快速发展期3个阶段,表现为类型结构优化、社会资本参与度提升、市场发展细分化的趋势。③在空间维度上,旅居养老的发展与“胡焕庸线”呈强关联性。2005—2020年间高密度核心区由长三角“单级核心”向长三角、京津冀、珠三角“三足鼎立”格局演化。④在“推力—拉力—中间障碍”的分析框架下,现阶段中国旅居养老的发展以拉力为主导性驱动力,主要包括非物质文化遗产数量、旅游度假区数量等影响因素。⑤基于对地域发展因素的综合研判,将乡村旅居养老归纳为自然依托型、文旅依托型、康养依托型与多元混合型4种典型发展模式,并提出因地制宜、分类施策的发展路径。

Senior residential tourism is the product of upgrading demand for elderly care,and thus effectively fits the national development strategy of rural revitalization.Based on grasping the connotation of senior residential tourism,the paper constructs a framework to analyze the development of senior residential tourism with the push-pull theory.This paper uses various analytical methods to discuss senior rural residential tourism's spatial and temporal evolution pattern and formation mechanism,and further reveals and analyzes the typical development mode.The findings are as follows:(1)Senior residential tourism is a lifestyle in which the elderly live continuously in the sojourning place for the dual purpose of deep experience and living.To grasp its connotation,it is necessary to clarify the key issues,such as the subject of action,the motive of action,the time limit,and the moving distance.(2)In terms of temporal dimension,China's senior rural residential tourism has experienced three stages,namely,the budding stage,the slow development stage,and the high-speed development stage,which show a trend of structure type optimization,increased participation of social capital,and market development segmentation.(3)In terms of spatial dimension,senior rural residential tourism development strongly correlates with the"Hu Huanyong Line."During the study period,the high-density core area evolved from the"single-level core"of the Yangtze River Delta to the"three-pillar"situation of the Yangtze River Delta,Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,and Pearl River Delta.(4)Under the framework of"push,pull,and intermediate barrier",the development of China takes the pulling force as the dominant driving force,which mainly includes the number of intangible cultural heritages,the number of tourist resorts,and other factors.(5)Finally,based on the comprehensive analysis of regional development factors,this paper classifies senior rural residential tourism into four typical development modes:natural support,cultural tourism support,health support,and mixed type,and thus puts forward a development path according to local conditions and classification.