林内空间结构特征对视觉感知与偏好的影响--基于树木排列方式、分枝特性和枝下高特征分析

Effects of Spatial Structure in Forest on Visual Perception and Preference:Based on Attributes Analysis of Tree Distribution,Branching Habit and Trunk Height

针对植物景观林内视觉偏好中关于空间结构特征的争议点与空白点,以林内空间水平结构中的树木排列方式、垂直结构中的枝下高,顶面结构中的分枝特性3个特征因子进行L9(33)正交试验,通过仿真建模和虚拟现实技术进行控制变量研究。结果表明:1)排列方式中均匀分布的评分低于随机与团状分布,分枝特性中合轴分枝的评分低于单轴分枝与混合分枝,枝下高等级变化对视觉偏好没有影响,2)评分最优的林内空间为水平结构上团状分布,分枝特性为单轴分枝,枝下高为中等,评分最劣的林内空间为水平结构上均匀分布,分枝特性为合轴分枝,枝下高为较高,3)3个结构特征对林内空间视觉偏好的影响大小为分枝特性>排列方式>枝下高,4)排列方式是影响眼动水平距离最大的因素,分枝特性是对垂直距离、眼跳与注视次数影响最大的因素。因此,在营建景观林内空间时,应注重树种分枝特性的选择,优先考虑单轴分枝的植物,并尽量避免均匀分布。

In view of the controversies and gaps in spatial structure features of visual preference in landscape woodland,this study selects three spatial structural attributes of woodland,i e.,distribution of trees in horizontal structure,trunk height in vertical structure,and branching habit in ceiling structure,to conduct an L9(33)orthogonal experiment and carry out the quantitative research on control variables by using simulation modelling and virtual reality technology.The results indicate:1)The ratings of regular distribution are lower than that of random or aggregated distribution,and the ratings of decurrent branching are lower than that of excurrent branching and mixes of branching characteristics.The trunk heights selected in this experiment have no effect on visual preference,2)The woodland spatial structures preferred are aggregated distribution,excurrent branching,and medium trunk height,3)The three spatial structures can be ranked as branching habit>horizontal distribution>trunk height,in terms of their effects on woodland visual preference,and 4)The horizontal distribution is the most important factor to affect the distance of eye movements,while the branching habit is the largest factor to affect the vertical distances,saccades and fixations.In this sense,when establishing the landscape woodland space,we should attach importance to the selection of tree branching habits,especially the trees with excurrent branching,and avoid the regular distribution if possible.