人口老龄化测量方法的改进

Improvements in the Measurement of Population Aging

现行的老龄化社会标准是该地区65岁及以上的老年人口占该地区总人口的比重(老年人口比)达到或超过7%。这个标准将65岁及以上的人口不加区别地定义为老年人口,且老年人口比达到或超过7%则被视为进入老龄化社会。然而,人口老化的过程是渐进的,老年人的年龄界限也不应该泾渭分明,此外,不同年龄的老年人之间存在着较大的差异,老年人口比并不能测量人口“老”到什么程度。为此,文章应用模糊数学的理论与方法,引入了老龄隶属度的概念,以区别对待不同年龄的老年人,并定义了人口老龄化深度,从而对人口老龄化测量方法进行了改进。

The current standard of an aging society is that the proportion of elderly people aged 65 and above in the total population of the region(elderly population ratio)reaches or exceeds 7%.The standard defines people aged 65 and over as the elderly population without distinction,and the elderly population ratio of 7% or more is considered to be an aging society.However,the aging process of the population is gradual,and the age boundary of the elderly should not be clear-cut.In addition,there are big differences between the elderly at different ages,and the elderly population ratio does not measure how“old”the population is.Therefore,this paper applies the theory and method of fuzzy mathematics,introduces the concept of membership degree of aging to treat the elderly of different ages and define the depth of population aging,so as to improve the measurement method of population aging.