秦岭华中五味子种实性状变异与环境因子的关联研究

Analysis of Habitat Characters and Response Traits of Schisandra sphenanthera in Qinling Mountains

为解决华中五味子人工栽培模式下就地取材、无性扩繁出现品质下降、产量降低等问题,以华中五味子的种子和果实为研究对象,对其种子大小、果串长度、果串直径、果串质量等表观性状,和果实化学成分如果实多糖含量、五味子酯甲含量等进行测定,与环境因子进行相关性分析,研究华中五味子种源地种实特异性及表型变异规律。结果显示:(1)华中五味子种子和果实的表观性状均表现出较大变异性,种子大小、果串长度、果实质量等指标变异最大;而种子长宽比、果实果柄质量比变异较小。(2)华中五味子果实多糖含量以及木脂素含量均有较大变异,商洛地区果实样品中木脂素含量最高。(3)华中五味子种子和果实所测指标和环境因子之间有较高相关性,主要表现在种子活力值以及果串直径与海拔之间呈正相关关系。研究发现,华中五味子的果实和种子在秦岭南北两侧表型变异丰富,华中五味子存在明显的地理遗传分化,体现在与海拔、年均温和年均降水量显著相关,商洛市所产华中五味子果实有较高品质,以此推断商洛市的气候地理环境适宜华中五味子生长。

To solve the problems of quality decline and yield decrease caused by local materials and asexual reproduction in artificial cultivation mode of Schisandra sphenanthera in recent years,the seeds and fruits of S.sphenanthera were used as the research objects in this study,to reveal provenance specificity of S.sphenanthera.The seed size,fruit bunch length,fruit bunch diameter and fruit bunch weight of S.sphenanthera were measured.At the same time,determination of chemical indexes such as the contents of polysaccharide and S.sphenanthera ester nail were conducted.Finally,the above metrics were used to analyze their correlation with environmental factors.The results are as follows.(1)The apparent characters of seeds and fruits of S.sphenanthera showed great variability,especially in seed size,seed moisture content,seed germination rate,fruit length and fruit weight.The variation of seed length-width ratio and fruit stalk-weight ratio were relatively small.(2)The contents of polysaccharides and lignans in S.sphenanthera fruits had great variation,mainly manifested in the high content of lignans in fruits of S.sphenanthera in Shangluo City.(3)There was a high correlation between the measured indexes of the seeds and fruits of S.sphenanthera and the environmental factors,mainly manifested in the positive correlation of the seed vigor value and the diameter of the fruit bunchwiththe altitude.On the whole,the measured indexesof fruits and seeds of S.sphenanthera have abundant phenotypic variations on both sides of the Qinling Mountains,showing obvious geographical genetic differentiations,mainly significant correlations with altitude,annual average temperature and annual precipitation.The fruits produced in Shangluo City have high quality,so it can be inferred that Shangluo City is the authentic production area of S.sphenanthera.