美国拔尖人才进阶培养的制度逻辑及启示

The Institutional Logic and Enlightenment of Progressive Training of Top Talents in America

美国作为较早建立一体化教育战略模式的国家之一,在不同阶段都制定了相应的拔尖人才培养计划,通过“进阶”递进的培养优化模式,使拔尖人才培养成为一个连续性过程。拔尖人才培养政策变迁的制度逻辑,以基于遵循儿童的心理发展、人才的多样化发展、拔尖人才的进阶培养,以及教育的公平发展为主要特点。美国“全链条”的连续性培养模式所设立的选拔性高中、高难度课程也有助于拔尖人才在成长的不同阶段都得到适合其发展的教育。这对于我国制定拔尖人才培养的一体化政策、实现人才结构衔接与优化以及培养基础学科和多领域拔尖人才具有重要意义。

As one of the first countries to establish an integrated education strategy,the United States has developed a programme for the development of top talents at different stages,making it a continuous process through a“progressive”optimization model.The institutional logic of the change in policy is characterized by following the psychological development of children,diversified development of talents,advanced and progressive cultivation of top talents,and equitable development of education.The“whole-chain”continuous model of high school selection and high level curriculum in America has also helped to provide a developmentally appropriate education for top talents at different stages of their development.It is of great significance for our country to formulate an integrated policy of top talents cultivation,to optimize talent structure and cohesion,and to train top talents in basic disciplines and multi-fields.