韩愈儒家文化人格的矛盾性及其在文学创作上的表现

Contradictions of Han Yu's Confucian Cultural Personality and Their Expression in Literary Works

政治人格和道德人格是构成韩愈儒家文化人格的两个方面。韩愈的儒家文化人格存在着明显的矛盾性,主要表现为:积极用世、尊道奉君的政治人格要求与无人汲引、屡遭贬谪的尴尬现实相矛盾;中正平和、有益教化的道德人格要求与不平则鸣、好奇善谑的真实个性相冲突。儒家文化人格在这两个方面的矛盾渗透在韩愈的文学创作之中。这集中表现为:批判现实、振兴儒道的慷慨之作与急躁冒进、妥协不安的诗文痕迹同在;文从字顺、高古平正的宗经作品与奇崛险怪、以文为戏的试验之作并存。韩愈儒家文化人格的矛盾性及其在文学创作上的表现,既在一定程度上表现出唐代文人的普遍共性,又使得韩愈在诗歌创作上形成了“奇崛中见平正”的深层次特点,彰显出他个人的独特个性。

Political personality and moral personality are two aspects of Han Yu's Confucian cultural personality.There are obvious contraditions in Han Yu's Confucian cultural personality,which are mainly manifested as follows:his political personality,which required him to actively take responsibility for the world and give obedience to the emperor,was in contradiction with the embarrassing reality of his being unpopular and repeatedly relegated;his moral personality,which required him to be calm and collected and beneficial to edification,was in contradiction with his true personality of championing the cause of justice,being curious and sarcastic.The contradictions of Confucian cultural personality in these two aspects permeate Han Yu's literary works.This is evident in his indignant works of criticizing reality and revitalizing Confucianism,as well as his impetuous,compromising and uneasy poetry and prose,and in the coexistence of his fluent and graceful works with his experimental works that were odd and used literature as a play.The contradictions of Han Yu's Confucian cultural personality and their expression in literary works not only showed the commonality of Tang Dynasty literati to a certain extent,but also enabled Han Yu to create poetry with in-depth characteristics of“oddness and righteousness”,highlighting his unique personality.