基于主成分和聚类分析的鲜食蚕豆农艺与品质性状综合评价

Comprehensive evaluation of vegetable faba bean in agronomic and quality traits by principal component analysis and cluster analysis

以15份鲜食蚕豆品种(系)为研究对象,对12个主要农艺性状和6个品质性状进行测定,采用主成分分析法、聚类分析法对各表型进行分析,为鲜食蚕豆的综合评价及品种筛选奠定材料基础与理论依据。本研究结果表明,18个性状变异系数为3.98%~56.09%,鲜荚长、鲜荚宽、鲜籽粒长、鲜籽粒宽、水分含量等5个性状遗传较稳定,株高、单株荚数、维生素C含量和淀粉含量的变异较丰富。相关性分析发现,鲜荚、鲜籽粒表型性状与品质性状之间存在较强的相关性。粗蛋白含量与鲜籽粒长呈显著负相关,与鲜百粒质量呈极显著负相关;粗脂肪含量与鲜荚长、鲜籽粒宽和鲜百粒质量呈显著负相关,与鲜籽粒长呈极显著负相关;维生素C含量与鲜籽粒宽呈极显著正相关。对18个性状进行主成分分析,将其归结为6个主成分,累计贡献率为86.348%,其中,第1主成分与籽粒外观品质和营养品质有关,第2主成分与产量和品质性状有关,第3主成分与鲜荚大小有关,第4主成分与始荚节位和有效分枝数有关,第5主成分与可溶性固形物含量和淀粉含量有关,第6主成分与主茎节数有关。综合评价Y2224的得分最高,F值为2.274。聚类分析将15份鲜食蚕豆品种(系)划分为3个类群,第Ⅰ类群为高粗蛋白含量、高粗脂肪含量、株型较高、每荚粒数较多的中粒型蚕豆品种(系);第Ⅱ类群为高淀粉含量、分枝性和结荚性较强、大粒型蚕豆品种(系);第Ⅲ类群为高维生素C含量、荚形宽大的超大粒型蚕豆品系。

Twelve agronomic traits and six quality traits in 15 vegetable faba bean varieties(lines)were measured in this study.Principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used to analyze the phenotypes,which provided the material and theoretical basis for scientific evaluation and variety selection of vegetable faba bean.The results showed that the variation coefficients of 18 characters ranged from 3.98%to 56.09%.Fresh pod length,fresh pod width,fresh seed length,fresh seed width and moisture content remained relatively stable,while plant height,pod number per plant,vitamin C content and starch content had significant variations.Results of the correlation analysis showed that the phenotypic traits of fresh pods and seeds were correlated with quality traits.Crude protein content was significantly negatively correlated with fresh seed length and extremely significantly negatively correlated with fresh hundred-seed weight.The crude fat content was significantly negatively correlated with fresh pod length,fresh seed width and fresh hundred-seed weight,and was extrenely significantly negatively correlated with fresh seed length.Vitamin C content was significantly positively correlated with fresh pod width.The cumulative contribution of the top six principal factors reached 86.348%in principal factors analysis.The first principal component was related to seed appearance quality and nutritional quality,the second principal component was related to yield and quality-related traits,the third principal component was related to the size of fresh pod,the fourth principal component was related to the first pod node and number of effective branches,the fifth principal component was related to soluble solids content and starch content,and the sixth principal component was related to the number of nodes on main stem.The score of Y2224 was the highest in the comprehensive evaluation,with an F value of 2.274.The 15 vegetable faba bean varieties(lines)were divided into three groups using cluster analysis.Among them,groupⅠbelonged to middle-seed varieties(lines)with high crude protein content,high crude fat content,taller plant type,and more seeds per pod.GroupⅡbelonged to large-seed varieties(lines)with high starch content,strong branching and podding properties.GroupⅢbelonged to huge-seed lines with high vitamin C content and broad pods.