流通业发展对城乡消费差距的影响

The Influence of Circulation Industry Development on Consumption Gap between Urban and Rural Areas

中国经济已迈入高质量发展阶段,但城乡发展不均衡问题依然突出,在居民消费层面体现得更为明显。伴随全国统一大市场建设的开展,流通业发展日渐成为畅通国内大循环、推动城乡居民消费的重要基础。探索流通业发展对城乡消费差距的影响及其机理,对于进一步释放城乡居民消费活力,缓解城乡消费差距,助力城乡融合具有重要意义。理论阐释流通业发展对城乡消费差距的影响及城乡收入差距的中介作用,基于2005—2020年我国31个省份(未包括香港地区、澳门地区、台湾地区)的面板数据,利用双向固定效应模型与中介效应模型进行实证检验。研究发现,流通业发展显著缩小了城乡消费差距,城乡收入差距是流通业发展影响城乡消费差距的重要传导因素;相较于西部和东北地区,东部和中部地区流通业发展对城乡消费差距的影响更加明显。进一步从消费视角进行分析发现,流通业发展有助于推动城乡居民消费,但其对农村居民消费的影响范围更广,程度更深,有助于城乡消费差距的缩小。因此,未来应加大流通业发展支持力度,完善农村物流基础设施,推进农村流通业现代化转型。要根据地区基础差异,制定差异化发展政策,确保流通业发展促进农民增收,提振农民消费信心,缩小城乡消费差距,实现共同富裕。

China's economy has entered a stage of high-quality development,but the problem of uneven development and wide gap between urban and rural areas is still prominent,which is more evident at the level of consumer consumption.With the development of the national unified large market,the development of circulation industry has gradually become an important basis for smooth domestic circulation and promoting consumption of urban and rural residents.Exploring the impact of circulation industry development on the consumption gap between urban and rural areas and its mechanism is of great significance for further releasing the consumption vitality of urban and rural residents,alleviating the consumption gap between urban and rural areas,and promoting urban-rural integration.Based on the theoretical explanation of the influence of circulation industry development on urban-rural consumption gap and the intermediary role of urban-rural income gap,based on the panel data of 31 provinces(Hong Kong,Macao,and Taiwan are not included)from 2005 to 2020,the two-way fixed effect model and the intermediary effect model are used for empirical test.The regression results show that:the development of circulation industry significantly narrows the gap between urban and rural consumption,and the urban-rural income gap is an important transmission factor of the development of circulation industry;and compared with western and northeastern regions,the development of circulation industry in eastern and central regions has a more obvious impact on the gap between urban and rural consumption.Further mechanism analysis from the perspective of consumption shows that the development of circulation industry helps to promote the consumption of urban and rural residents,but the impact on rural residents is in a wider range of areas and more powerful,which helps to narrow the gap between urban and rural consumption.So,in the future,we should give more support to the development of the circulation industry,perfect the infrastructure of rural logistics,and promote the modernization and transformation of rural circulation industry.We should also,according to the differences among regions,formulate differentiated development strategies,guarantee the promoting role of circulation industry in promoting the increase of farmers'income,enhance farmer's confidence of consumption,narrow the gap between urban and rural consumption,and realize common prosperity.