豆腐营生:清中叶酒腐店、豆腐铺纠纷及所见日常生活——以嘉庆朝刑科题本为基本资料

Disputes and Daily Life in Liquor and Tofu Stores and Tofu Shops in Mid⁃Qing China:Based on the Book of the Penal Cases in Jiaqing Period(1796⁃1820)

豆腐与酒肉兼营是清代豆腐营生中值得注意的现象。大致上,南方多称酒腐店,北方多称豆腐铺(房)。开设酒腐店、豆腐铺(房)大体属于小本经营,常开设于自家房屋,也有租赁屋宇开店者。开设者往往合资进行,按股分配利润。店铺还请人帮工或雇工经营。店铺的人际关系多样,往往会因经济问题发生纠纷。有事例表明,当时存在着人口向边远地区的流动,移居者在乡村以开设豆腐铺、酒腐店为生。然而生意艰辛,谋生不易。这些店铺也是乡村人们闲坐聊天的场所,具有一定的公共空间属性。

It is a noteworthy phenomenon that tofu,liquor and meat were sold in the same place in the Qing Dynasty(1636 AD⁃1912 AD).Generally speaking,these stores were mostly called liquor and tofu stores in the south,and tofu shops in the north.Operating liquor and tofu store or tofu shop was largely a small business run in the operators’own houses or rented houses.The business were often joint ventures and distributed according to shares.These stores also hired helpers or workers.Disputes often arose over financial issues in the interpersonal relationships of the store.There were cases of migration of people to remote areas.The migrants made a living in the villages by operating liquor and tofu stores or tofu shops,but their businesses were difficult and it was not easy to make a living.These stores were also places for people in the villages to sit and chat,which had certain attributes of public space.