下肢骨折老年患者术后日常生活能力现状及其影响因素分析

Analysis of the Current Status of Postoperative Daily Living Ability and its Influencing Factors in Elderly Patients with Lower Limb Fractures

目的:观察下肢骨折老年患者术后日常生活能力现状,并分析其影响因素,为临床治疗提供依据。方法:选取2019年7月—2021年7月佛山市南海区公共卫生医院收治的73例下肢骨折老年患者作为研究对象,均在临床治疗提供依据。术后6个月时,采用日常生活活动能力(ADL)量表评估患者日常生活能力现状,比较不同因素特征患者ADL评分情况,经多重线性回归分析下肢骨折老年患者术后日常生活能力低下的影响因素。结果:73例患者经评估,术后6个月ADL量表评分平均为(60.94±3.39)分。术后未早期康复训练、并发症数量≥2种、术前合并心脑血管疾病、有负性情绪患者ADL评分低于术后早期康复训练、并发症数量<2种、未合并心脑血管疾病、无负性情绪患者,差异有统计学意义(t=9.521、7.281、8.535、9.569,P<0.05)。经线性回归分析结果显示,术后未早期康复训练、术后并发症数量多、术前合并心脑血管疾病、负性情绪均为下肢骨折老年患者术后日常生活能力低下的影响因素,差异有统计学意义(t=4.738、5.407、5.004、4.316,P<0.05)。结论:下肢骨折老年患者术后日常生活能力处于中等水平,术后未早期康复训练、负性情绪、术后并发症数量多、术前合并心脑血管疾病均是其术后日常生活能力低下的影响因素。

Objective:To observe the current status of postoperative daily living ability of elderly patients with lower limb fractures and analyze the influencing factors.Methods:73 elderly patients with lower extremity fractures admitted to the hospital from July 2019 to July 2021 were selected for the study.At 6 months postoperatively,patients were assessed for their current ability to perform activities of daily living using the Activities of Daily Living(ADL)scale.The ADL scores of patients with different factor characteristics were compared,and the factors influencing low postoperative activities of daily living in elderly patients with lower extremity fractures were analyzed by multiple linear regression.Results:The mean ADL scale score at 6 months postoperatively was(60.94±3.39)points in 73 patients,as assessed.The ADL scores of patients without early postoperative rehabilitation,number of complications≥2,preoperative combined cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,and negative emotions were lower than those of patients with early postoperative rehabilitation,number of complications<2,uncomplicated cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,and no negative emotions,with statistically significant differences(t=9.521,7.281,8.535,9.569,P<0.05).The results of linear regression analysis showed that the lack of early postoperative rehabilitation,the high number of postoperative complications,preoperative combined cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,and negative emotions were all factors influencing the low postoperative daily living ability of elderly patients with lower extremity fractures,with statistically significant differences(t=4.738,5.407,5.004,4.316,P<0.05).Conclusion:Elderly patients with lower extremity fractures have an intermediate level of postoperative activities of daily living,and the lack of early postoperative rehabilitation,negative emotions,high number of postoperative complications,and preoperative combined cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are all factors influencing their low postoperative activities of daily living.