上瘾与电子游戏的精神政治

Addiction and the Psychopolitics of Video Games

电子游戏真的让人上瘾吗?此种上瘾背后有明确的因果机制和行为动机模式吗?这些模式又到底对玩家的精神状态施加着何种正面或负面的作用?面对这些根本的追问,我们首先将从上瘾研究的三重基本进路入手,进而细致辨析游戏瘾到底是化学成瘾、行为成瘾,还是精神成瘾。然而实情却是,无论是大脑病变、强制行为还是意志薄弱,这些现有的“成因”似乎都不足以说明游戏瘾这个“怪诞”的症候。由此,晚近以来的精神政治的话语尝试将大脑、意志、精神、文化等差异性力量都关联在一起,对游戏瘾实施终极的客观主义的定位。在全文的最后,我们拟从大脑的根茎式网络、玩家的着魔式体验,以及媒介生态学的视角对此种立场进行质疑和批判,进而探寻让反思性的理论家对自身的理论建构进行反思的有效途径。

Are video games really addictive?Are there clear causal mechanisms and behavioral motivational patterns behind this addiction?What positive or negative effects do these modes have on the player s state of mind?In the face of these fundamental questions,we will first start from the three basic approaches of addiction research,and then carefully distinguish whether game addiction is chemical addiction,behavioral addiction or mental addiction.The truth is,however,that none of the existing“causes”—whether brain lesions,compulsive behavior or weak will—seem to be sufficient to explain the“bizarre”syndrome of game addiction.Therefore,in recent years,the discourse of psychopolitics has tried to link the disparate forces of brain,will,spirit,culture and so on together,so as to achieve the ultimate objectivist positioning of game addiction.At the end of this paper,we will question and criticize these positions from the perspective of the brain s root-like network,the player s obsessive experience,and media ecology,and then explore an effective way for reflective theorists to reflect on their own theoretical construction.