黑河中游干旱沙荒地元宝枫栽培技术研究

Study on the Cultivation Techniques of Acer truncatum in the Arid Sandy Wasteland in the Middle Reaches of Heihe River

为探索黑河流域中游沙荒地治理与有效利用途径,以元宝枫为主,采用不同客土方式、覆膜和苗木根系保护等措施,对其成活率和生长情况的影响进行研究。结果表明:(1)全面客土整地栽植的苗木成活率为72.6%,与栽植沟带状客土和栽植坑局部客土整地相比,其成活率分别提升了11.1%和18.9个百分点。栽植后生长2年,全面客土整地的元宝枫平均胸径为5.24 cm,2年生枝条平均生长量为167.8 cm,较栽植沟带状客土和栽植坑局部客土整地平均胸径增大了6.5%和17.5%,2年生枝条平均生长量提高23.0%和34.3%;(2)栽植沟带状地表覆膜和栽植坑地表覆膜2年生枝条平均生长量分别是对照的1.88倍和1.57倍;第2年当年生枝条平均生长量分别是对照的1.74倍和1.36倍;栽植成活率较对照分别提高了35.78%和21.21%;(3)4月下旬栽植的元宝枫成活率较3月下旬低16.5%,带土球栽植的苗木平均成活率较裸根苗高35.3%。初步认为,在黑河流域中游干旱沙荒地采用客土全面整地、覆盖地膜和保护好苗木根系等技术,并在栽植后加强抚育管护,对元宝枫在该区造林应用是可行的。

In order to explore the treatment and effective utilization of sandy wasteland in the middle reaches of Heihe River Basin,based on Acer truncatum,some measures like different soil methods,film mulching and seedling root protection were adopted to study the influence on the survival rate and growth of Acer truncatum.The results showed as the following three aspects.(1)The survival rate of seedlings planted in the overall foreign soil preparation was 72.6%,which increased by 11.1% and 18.9% compared with strip foreign soil of planting ditch and the local foreign soil of the planting pit.After planting for two years,the average breast height diameter of Acer truncatum in the overall foreign soil preparation was 5.24 cm,and the growth of the two-year branches was 167.8 cm,which increased by 6.5% and 17.5% compared with those of the strip foreign soil of planting ditch and the local foreign soil of the planting pit,and the growth of the two-year branches increased by 23.0% and 34.3%.(2)The average growth of two-year-old branches covered with plastic film on the surface of planting ditch strip and planting pit was 1.88 times and 1.57 times that of the control respectively.The average growth of the branches in the second year was 1.74 times and 1.36 times that of the control respectively.The survival rate of planting increased by 35.78% and 21.21% respectively compared with the control.(3)The survival rate of Acer truncatum planted in late April was 16.5% lower than that in late March;the survival rate of seedlings planted with soil balls was 35.3% higher than that of bare root seedlings.It is preliminarily believed that it is feasible to adopt such techniques as comprehensive foreign soil preparation,plastic film mulching and protection of seedling roots in the arid sandy wasteland in the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin,and strengthen the management and protection of Acer truncatum in this area after planting.