氮肥减施与移栽密度对杂交粳稻滇禾优615产量和食味品质的影响

The Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Reduction and Transplanting Density on Yield and Eating Quality of Japonica Hybrid Rice Dianheyou 615

为探讨氮肥减施和移栽密度对水稻产量和食味品质的影响,以优质滇型杂交粳稻滇禾优615为试验材料,采用两因素裂区设计,以氮肥减施(100%、20%、10%、0%,A)为主区,移栽密度(39万、42万、45万丛/hm^(2),B)为裂区,分析氮肥减施、移栽密度及氮密互作对产量、食味品质相关指标的影响。结果表明,随着氮肥用量减少,产量显著下降,食味值显著升高,直链淀粉和蛋白质含量变化不显著,RVA谱热浆黏度、消减值和最终黏度3个特征值发生显著或极显著改变;移栽密度对产量和食味品质的影响不显著;氮密互作效应对食味值、RVA谱的崩解值、回复值和消减值有显著影响;减氮10%对水稻产量和食味品质改变不明显;结合氮密互作效应,减氮10%和移栽密度45万丛/hm^(2)的处理组合能够实现氮肥减施下稳产保质的目标,达到绿色高效、产质平衡的要求。

In order to explore the effects of nitrogen fertilizer reduction and transplanting density on rice yield and eating quality,ʻDianheyou 615ʼ,a Dian-type japonica hybrid rice with high quality was taken as experimental material,and a two-factor split plot experiment was adopted with nitrogen fertilizer reduction(100%,20%,10%,0%,A)as the main treatment and transplanting density(3.9×105,4.2×105,4.5×105 clumps/ha,B)as the secondary treatment.The effects of nitrogen fertilizer reduction,transplanting density and nitrogen density interaction on yield and eating quality were analyzed.The results showed that with the decrease of nitrogen fertilizer application rate,the yield decreased significantly,the eating value increased significantly,the amylose and protein contents did not change significantly,and the three characteristic values of RVA profile parameters,hot paste viscosity,setback viscosity and cold paste viscosity,changed significantly or extremely significantly;transplanting density had no significant effect on yield and eating quality.Nitrogen-density interaction had significant influence on taste value,RVA profile parameters breakdown viscosity,consistence viscosity and setback viscosity.Nitrogen reduction by 10%had no obvious change in rice yield and eating quality;combined with the interaction effect of nitrogen and density,the treatment combination of nitrogen reduction by 10%and transplanting density of 4.5×105 clumps/ha could achieve the goal of reducing nitrogen fertilizer application,stabilizing yield and ensuring quality,and achieve the requirements of green,high efficiency and balanced yield and quality.