增施大豆豆粕及豆粕炭对酸性水稻土的改良效果及对水稻产量的影响

Improvement Effects of Soybean Meal and Its Biochar on Acid Paddy Soil and Yield of Rice

为探讨大豆豆粕及其炭化还田对酸性水稻土的改良效果及对水稻产量的影响,通过大田试验,设置5个处理,分别为豆粕2250kg/hm^(2)(A1)、豆粕4500kg/hm^(2)(A2)、豆粕炭2250kg/hm^(2)(B1)、豆粕炭4500kg/hm^(2)(B2)和常规施肥(CK),分析不同处理下水稻产量、土壤pH、有机质和速效氮磷钾含量的变化。结果表明,与CK相比,施用豆粕和豆粕炭均可显著提高水稻产量(P<0.05),A1、A2、B1和B2处理的水稻产量分别比CK处理增加了11.1%、13.3%、8.3%和9.8%,且A1和A2处理的水稻产量显著高于B1和B2处理。水稻收获后,A1、A2、B1和B2处理土壤pH分别比CK处理提高了0.32、0.33、0.11和0.22;土壤有机质含量分别增加了12.40%、33.76%、11.93%和22.99%;土壤全氮含量分别增加了2.34%、5.33%、9.78%和7.95%;土壤有效磷含量分别增加了3.21%、28.78%、18.96%和24.18%。与CK处理相比,增施豆粕和豆粕炭处理产值增加,但纯收益及产投比降低,均表现为CK>A1>B1>A2>B2。因此,与豆粕炭相比,豆粕可作为较好的土壤改良剂培肥改良酸性水稻土。

To explore the improvement effects of soybean meal and biochar from soybean meal on acid paddy soil and yield of rice,five treatments were studied on field test:soybean meal 2250kg/ha(A1),soybean meal 4500kg/ha(A2),biochar from soybean meal 2250kg/ha(B1),biochar from soybean meal 4500kg/ha(B2)and conventional fertilization(CK).The rice yield,soil pH,organic matter and available nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium contents were analyzed.The result showed that compared with CK treatment,the grain yield of rice was increased significantly with the application of soybean meal and its biochar(P<0.05).The rice yields of A1,A2,B1 and B2 treatments were higher by 11.1%,13.3%,8.3%and 9.8%.However,the grain yield of A1,A2 treatments were higher than those of B1 and B2 treatments.Compared with CK treatment,soil pH of A1,A2,B1 and B2 treatments was increased by 0.32,0.33,0.11 and 0.22,respectively;Soil organic matter were increased by 12.40%,33.76%,11.93%and 22.99%,respectively;Total nitrogen contents were increased by 2.34%,5.33%,9.78%and 7.95%,respectively;Available phosphorus contents were increased by 3.21%,28.78%,18.96%and 24.18%,respectively.The output of soybean meal and biochar from soybean meal increased,but the net income and the ratio decreased,it showed CK>A1>B1>A2>B2.Therefore,compared with biochar from soybean meal,soybean meal was better soil conditioners for fertilizer improvement of acid paddy soil.