不同生态条件下玉米产量影响因素分析

Analysis of Influencing Factors of Maize Yield under Different Ecological Conditions

不同生态条件下环境因素是导致玉米产量差异的重要原因,为阐明不同地区产量的主要构成因素,利用不同生态区的气候环境以及逆境胁迫压力,对15份自交系和18份杂交种进行评价筛选,分析不同地区产量构成因素对产量的贡献效应,明确不同区域选择适宜高产品种的评价方法。结果表明,与产量直接相关的穗粗、行粒数、穗长、百粒重和穗位系数对产量的贡献效应大于病害和倒伏,在不同气候环境影响下,这些产量因素对产量贡献效应不同;产量最优线性回归模型中引入产量要素越多的地区,产量越高,不同生态环境下,南阳、洛阳、安阳、漯河试验点分别有5、4、4、2个与产量直接相关的因素引入最优线性方程;多地点联合鉴定表明,郑单1868和LX201在干旱胁迫后并未减产,遮阴胁迫后减产相对较少,平均产量相对较高,在本研究的试验材料中综合抗性最好。

The difference of environmental factors under different ecological conditions are important reasons for the difference of maize yield.In order to clarify the main yield components in different regions,15 inbred lines and 18 hybrids were evaluated and screened by using the climate environment pressure and adversity stress in different ecological areas.Combined with drought and shading stress treatment,and the contribution effects of yield components to yield in different regions were analyzed,the evaluation method of selecting suitable highyield varieties in different regions was clarified.The results showed that the contribution effects of ear diameter,grain number per row,ear length,100-grain weight and ear position coefficient directly related to yield were greater than those of disease and lodging,and these yield factors had different contribution and effects on yield under the influence of different climatic environments.The optimal linear regression model of yield were established in different areas with more yield factors,the higher the yield was.There are five,four,four and two factors directly related to yield were introduced into the optimal linear equations in Nanyang,Luoyang,Anyang and Luohe under different ecological environments,respectively.The multi-site joint identification showed that the yields of Zhengdan 1868 and LX201 did not decrease after drought stress,the yields decreased relatively less after shading stress,the average yields were relatively higher,and the comprehensive resistance were better in this study.