不同季节播种和割苗对大麦优良品种农艺性状的影响

Effects of Sowing and Seedling Cutting in Different Seasons on Agronomic Characteristics of Superior Barley Varieties

为探寻优质大麦生产技术,高效挖掘适用麦苗及籽粒生产的功能大麦品种,以48个大麦优良品种为试验材料研究了春、秋、冬不同季节播种和不同时期割苗处理对12个农艺性状的影响。结果表明,播种季节对大麦生长影响显著,大麦生物产量、部分籽粒产量农艺性状在不同季节间差异显著。秋播大麦生物产量(单株穗重、单株重、单株秆重)、籽粒产量性状(有效穗数、千粒重、单株粒重)均值显著大于冬、春播,反之,秋播株高、无效穗数和主穗空粒数均值小于冬播,总体上来看,秋播大麦农艺性状整体水平优于冬、春播。割苗会降低单株产量,变异系数变化较大;割苗处理Ⅰ显著降低无效穗数和主穗空粒数,提高大麦籽粒产量。在农艺性状的相关性分析中,每个农艺性状至少和1个其他性状呈显著或极显著关系,且不同割苗处理对大麦无效穗数影响更大。初步筛选出适于割苗处理产量性状最好的大麦品种云饲麦10号、云饲麦13号、V43、云啤15号和矮思500。

In order to explore barley production technology and barley varieties suitable for wheat seedling and grain production,the effects of sowing and cutting seedlings at different seasons and stages on 12 agronomic characteristics of 48 varieties were studied.The results showed that sowing season had a significant effect on barely growth,the biological yield and some grain yield agronomic characteristics of barley were significantly different in different seasons.The average values of biological yield and grain yield characteristics of autumn sowing barley were significantly higher than that of others.The average values of plant height,invalid panicles and empty grains of main panicle of autumn sowing barley were lower than that of winter sowing.The overall level of agronomic characteristics of autumn sowing barley was the best.Seedling cutting treatment could reduce the yield per plant and the coefficient of variation changed greatly.Seedling cutting treatment I significantly reduced invalid panicles and empty grains of main panicle and increased the grain yield of barley.Each agronomic characteristic had a significant or extremely significant relationship with at least another agronomic characteristic,and different seedling cutting treatments had a greater impact on the invalid panicle of barley.The best barley varieties suitable for seedling cutting treatment were Yunsimai 10,Yunsimai 13,V43,Yunpi 15 and Aisi 500.