滴灌的毛管间距和滴头间距对匀播冬小麦光合、干物质积累和产量形成的影响

Effects of Drip Irrigation Capillary Spacing and Drop Spacing on Photosynthesis,Dry matter Accumulation,and Yield Formation of Uniformly Sown Winter Wheat

本研究旨在优化冬小麦立体匀播方式下的滴灌带配置方式。以新冬22号为试验材料,在立体匀播方式下,采用双因素裂区试验,主区滴头间距设20(T1)和30cm(T2)2个处理,副区毛管间距设30(D1)、40(D2)、50(D3)、60(D4)和70cm(D5)5个水平,研究了滴头间距和毛管间距对匀播冬小麦光合特性、土壤水含量空间分布、干物质积累与分配及产量形成的影响。结果表明,同一毛管间距下,T1冬小麦叶面积指数(LAI)、叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)、净光合速率(Pn)、成熟期地上部植株干物质积累量及其籽粒分配、穗数和产量均高于T2,分别提高0.14%~4.74%、0.09%~3.51%、0.31%~2.73%、1.40%~3.77%、1.47%~3.88%、1.22%~2.82%和1.15%~4.93%。产量以T1D2最高,为9247.95kg/hm^(2)。LAI、SPAD值、P_(n)、土壤含水量空间分布、植株干物质积累、穗数和产量在滴头间距20cm和毛管间距30cm和40cm(T1D1、T1D2)保持较高水平,其中,T1D2处理表现最优。综合分析产出和投入量,在本试验灌水定额条件下,滴头间距20cm、毛管间距50cm(T1D3)是最佳滴灌带配置组合。

Our objective was to identify the optimum of drip irrigation under the tridimensional uniform sowing mode of winter wheat.The experiment was designed with a split-split plot arrangement of Xindong 22,the main plot were the dripper spacing including two treatments,20(T1)and 30cm(T2),the sub-plot were drop spacing including five levels,30(D1),40(D2),50(D3),60(D4),and 70cm(D5).The effects of drip irrigation capillary spacing and emitter spacing on photosynthetic characteristics,dry matter accumulation and distribution,as well as yield formation and benefits of uniform-sown winter wheat were determined.The results showed that with the same dripper spacing,the leaf area index(LAI),SPAD values,the net photosynthetic rate(Pn),the dry matter accumulation of the above-ground at the maturity stage and the distribution ratio in the grain,the number of ears and the yield of T1 treatment were higher than those of T2 treatment,increasing by 0.14%-4.74%,0.09%-3.51%,0.31%-2.73%,1.40%-3.77%,1.47%-3.88%,1.22%-2.82%and 1.15%-4.93%,respectively.The yield of T1D2 treatment(9247.95kg/ha),was the highest.LAI,SPAD values,Pn,spatial distribution of soil water,plant dry matter accumulation,spike number and yield were maintained at a high level in the dripper spacing of 20cm and capillary spacing of 30 and 40cm(T1D1,T1D2),of which T1D2 performed the best.According to its output and input,the T1D3 treatment with drop spacing 20cm and capillary spacing 50cm was the best drip irrigation combination at the same irrigation quota in this experiment.