2018-2021年辽宁省哨点医院食源性疾病诺如病毒感染监测分析

Epidemiological characteristics of norovirus detected in foodborne disease cases in Liaoning province,2018-2021

目的分析辽宁省2018-2021年食源性诺如病毒感染哨点监测病例的流行特征,为其防控提供数据支持。方法选取36家哨点医院,采集10092名食源性疾病病例的粪便或肛拭子标本,进行诺如病毒实时荧光定量PCR核酸检测,并获取病例相关信息。结果2018-2021年辽宁省食源性诺如病毒感染检出306例,阳性检出率3.03%。时间上,病例检出高峰集中于7、12月,3、5、12月阳性检出率较高,分别为10.29%、9.28%和7.12%。不同性别、年龄和职业分布,诺如病毒阳性检出率差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05),病例检出年龄集中在18~44岁,占39.54%;0~4岁组、散居儿童阳性检出率较高,分别为6.28%和7.14%。沈阳、大连检出病例数较多,分别占42.76%和32.89%。临床症状为腹痛和呕吐的病例诺如病毒阳性检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。进食场所以家庭为主,占64.05%,不同进食场所阳性检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。可疑食品暴露以混合食物占比最高,为28.76%,不同暴露食品关联病例的阳性检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论辽宁省食源性诺如病毒感染人群年轻化,发病高峰集中于7、12月,进食场所以家庭为主,混合食物是主要可疑暴露食品。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of sentinel surveillance cases of foodborne norovirus infection in Liaoning province from 2018 to 2021,and provide data support for its prevention and control.Methods A total of 10092 stool or anal swab samples were collected from 36 sentinel hospitals for norovirus detection by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and case information.Results From 2018 to 2021,306 cases of norovirus were detected in Liaoning province,and the detection rate was 3.03%,mainly sporadic.In terms of time,the peak of case detection was concentrated in July and December,and the positive detection rates were higher in March,May,and December,with 10.29%,9.28%,and 7.12%,respectively.There were gender,age and occupation differences in norovirus detection rates(all P<0.05).The age of detection of cases was concentrated in 18-44 years old,accounting for 39.54%;The positive detection rates of norovirus in the 0-4 year old group and scattered children were higher,at 6.28%and 7.14%,respectively.Shenyang and Dalian city had a large number of detected cases,accounting for 42.76%and 32.89%respectively.Clinical symptoms differed mainly in abdominal pain and vomiting(P<0.05).There were differences in different diets(P<0.05),eating places were mainly at home(64.05%).There were differences among different suspected exposed foods(P<0.05),and the highest proportion of suspected food exposure was mixed food(28.76%).Conclusions The food borne norovirus infection population in Liaoning province is younger,and the peak of the disease is concentrated in July and December.The eating place is mainly at home,and mixed food is the main suspected exposure food.