2012—2022年海州湾砂质潮间带大型底栖动物群落结构变化情况及原因分析

Analysis for the cause of structure characteristics of macrobenthic communities in the sandy beach of Haizhou Bay from 2012 to 2022

为分析人类长期养殖活动对海州湾砂质潮间带大型底栖动物群落结构的影响,于2012—2022年对其进行调查。本次调查共发现大型底栖动物143种,总平均生物密度为3081 ind./m^(2),总平均生物量为161.07 g/m^(2),光滑河蓝蛤(Potamocorbula laevis)为第一优势物种。多样性指数H’波动范围为1.27~3.67,总平均值为2.52。2017年5月生物密度最高,2012年10月、2017年5月和8月生物量较高,均是由于发现了大量的光滑河蓝蛤造成的。黄岛长吻虫(Saccoglossus hwangtauensis)消失,须鳃虫(Cirriformia tentaculata)发现频次增多,有机碳含量升高,均显示潮间带生物群落正由清洁群落向耐污群落转变,人工养殖活动对调查潮间带生物群落结构影响显著。

In order to analyse the impact of long-term human aquaculture activities on the community structure of macrobenthos in the sandy intertidal zone of Haizhou Bay,macrobenthos were investigated from 2012 to 2022.In total,143 species were found.During the investigation,the average abundance of macrobenthos was 3081 ind./m^(2),and the average biomass was 161.07 g/m^(2).Potamocorbula laevis was the first dominant species.The range of Shannon-Wiener index of macrobenthos was 1.27~3.67,with an average of 2.52.The highest abundance occurred in May 2017,and the biomass was higher in October 2012,May 2017,and August 2017.Both high abundance and high biomass were due to the discovery of a large number of Potamocorbula laevis.Saccoglossus hwangtauensis disappeared,Cirriformia tentaculata were found more frequently,and the amount of SOC increased.The intertidal biological community has changed from a clean community to a pollution resistant community.Artificial aquaculture activities had a significant impact on the structure of intertidal biological communities.