不同添加剂发酵笋壳对湖羊生产性能及瘤胃发酵的影响

Effects of different additives on fermentation quality of bamboo shoot shell and growth performance and rumen fermentation function of Hu Sheep

旨在研究不同添加剂发酵对笋壳营养成分和发酵品质的影响,探究不同处理对湖羊生产性能、肉质氨基酸、血液生化指标、瘤胃发酵参数的影响。通过预试验筛选出FM(甲酸10 mL·kg^(-1)+EM复合菌20 mL·kg^(-1))和FCM组(甲酸10 mL·kg^(-1)+纤维素酶150 mL·kg^(-1)+EM复合菌20 mL·kg^(-1))对笋壳进行为期45 d的青贮,并进行湖羊饲养试验。采用单因素随机试验设计,选取体重相近[初始体重(16.68±1.05) kg]、健康无病公湖羊30只,随机分为3组,每组10只。预饲期7 d,正饲期60 d。结果表明:1)FM、FCM组干物质(DM)、粗蛋白(CP)含量分别为35.58%,36.60%;11.27%,12.09%;均显著高于CK组(33.20%,9.75%)(P<0.05),FCM组显著高于FM组(P<0.05);FM、FCM组中性洗涤纤维(NDF)(39.46%,37.09%)均显著低于CK组(44.16%)(P<0.05),FCM组显著低于FM组(P<0.05);FM、FCM组酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)(38.09%,37.49%)均显著低于CK组(41.62%)(P<0.05)。2)FCM组宰前活重、胴体重、净肉重、眼肌面积分别为:22.11 kg,10.41 kg,9.48 kg,14.41 cm^(2),均显著高于对照组(20.79 kg,9.74 kg,8.71 kg,11.62 cm^(2))(P<0.05)。3)FCM组肝脏、瘤胃、皱胃、脾脏、小肠、大肠重量以及瘤胃器官指数分别为:332.76g,475.32g,85.15g,32.55g,434.63g,303.48g,2.15%;显著高于FM(319.78 g,447.18 g,75.05 g,29.01 g,416.62 g,286.70 g, 2.04%)和CK组(297.88 g,418.76 g,60.09 g,26.05 g,399.01 g,279.36 g, 2.01%)(P<0.05);FM组肝脏和瘤胃重量显著高于CK组(P<0.05)。4)FM和FCM组超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和高密度脂蛋白(HDL)含量分别为:27.16,30.96 U·L^(-1);1.72,1.77 mmol·L^(-1);显著高于CK组(20.69 U·L^(-1),1.12 mmol·L^(-1))(P<0.05);FM、FCM组丙二醛(MDA)含量(0.57、0.59 nmol·mL^(-1))显著低于CK组(1.17 nmol·mL^(-1))(P<0.05);FCM组谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)(328.39 U·mL^(-1))显著高于CK组(278.01 U·mL^(-1))(P<0.05)。5)FCM组背最长肌中缬氨酸(Val)、异亮氨酸(Ile)、苯丙氨酸(Phe)含量分别为:2.75,8.49,7.35 g·kg^(-1),显著高于FM(1.92,5.19,6.17 g·kg^(-1))和CK组(1.66,5.96,6.03 g·kg^(-1))(P<0.05);组氨酸(His)、丝氨酸(Ser)含量(3.87、6.70 g·kg^(-1))显著高于CK组(2.20、5.43 g·kg^(-1))(P<0.05)。综上所述,FCM组更能明显提升笋壳营养价值、改善笋壳青贮品质,饲喂湖羊效果最好。

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of different additives on the nutrient composition and fermentation quality when fermenting bamboo shoot shells,and to investigate the effects of the various ensilage products on production performance,meat amino acids,blood biochemical indexes and rumen fermentation parameters of Hu Sheep.Three silages were tested:CK(no additives),FM(formic acid 10 mL·kg^(−1)+EM composite bacteria 20 mL·kg^(−1))and FCM(formic acid 10 mL·kg^(−1)+cellulase 150 mL·kg^(−1)+EM composite bacteria 20 mL·kg^(−1))were screened out through the pre-experiment,and the bamboo shoot shells were ensiled for 45 days,at which point a Hu Sheep feeding experiment was carried out.In the feeding experiment,30 healthy,disease-free male Hu Sheep with similar body weight were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups with 10 sheep in each group.After a pre-experiment adaptation period of 7 days,the diet-evaluation period was 60 days.To explore effects of the three silages on the sheep weight gain and physiological indicators,meat amino acids,blood biochemical indexes and rumen fermentation parameters of the Hu Sheep were monitored.It was found that:1)Dry matter(DM)contents were 35.58%and 36.60%,respectively in the FM and FCM silages while and crude protein(CP)contents were 11.27%,12.09%,respectively.The values for FCM silage were significantly higher than for FM silage(P<0.05)and the treated silage DM and CP values were all significantly higher than corresponding values for the CK silage(33.20%,9.75%)(P<0.05).Neutral detergent fiber(NDF)values in FM and FCM silages differed significantly(39.46%,37.09%)(P<0.05);And were significantly lower(P<0.05)than those in CK silages(44.16%),while acid detergent fiber(ADF)values of FM and FCM silages(38.09%,37.49%)were significantly lower(P<0.05)than in CK silage(41.62%).2)The body weight,carcass weight,net meat weight,and eye muscle area content in Hu Sheep fed FCM silage were 22.11 kg,10.41 kg,9.48 kg,14.41 cm^(2),respectively;These values were all significantly higher than those of sheep fed CK silage(20.79 kg,9.74 kg,8.71 kg,11.62 cm^(2))(P<0.05).3)The weights of liver,rumen,abomasum,spleen,small intestine,large intestine and rumen organ index in sheep fed FCM silage were 332.76 g,475.32 g,85.15 g,32.55 g,434.63 g,303.48 g,2.15%,respectively,significantly higher(P<0.05)than those fed FM silage(319.78 g,447.18 g,75.05 g,29.01 g,416.62 g,286.70 g,2.04%)and CK silage(297.88 g,418.76 g,60.09 g,26.05 g,399.01 g,279.36 g,2.01%);The liver and rumen weights of sheep fed FM silage were significantly higher than those in the CK group(P<0.05).4)Levels of superoxide dismutase in the blood plasma of sheep fed FM and FCM silages were 27.16,30.96 U·L^(−1),respectively,significantly higher(P<0.05)than those in sheep fed CK silage(20.69 U·L^(−1)).Similarly,high density lipoprotein levels in the blood plasma of sheep fed FM and FCM silages were 1.72,1.77 mmol·L^(−1),respectively,higher than those of sheep fed CK silage(1.12 mmol·L^(−1)).Furthermore,contents of malondialdehyde in blood plasma of sheep fed FM and FCM silage(0.57,0.59 nmol·mL−1)were significantly lower(P<0.05)than those of sheep fed CK silage(1.17 nmol·mL−1)and glutathione peroxidase in blood plasma of sheep fed FCM silage(328.39 U·mL−1)was significantly higher(P<0.05)than that in sheep fed CK silage(278.01 U·mL−1).5)The contents of valine,isoleucine and phenylalanine in the longissimus dorsi muscle of sheep fed FCM silage were 2.75,8.49,7.35 g·kg^(−1),respectively,significantly higher than those of the sheep fed FM silage(1.92,5.19,6.17 g·kg^(−1))and CK silage(1.66,5.96,6.03 g·kg^(−1))(P<0.05),while histidine and serine contents of sheep fed FCM silage were 3.87,6.70 g·kg^(−1),significantly higher than those in sheep fed CK silage(2.20,5.43 g·kg^(−1))(P<0.05).To sum up,the FCM treatment significantly improved the nutritional value of bamboo shoot silage,and Hu Sheep fed FCM silage performed the best.