宋元时期寒疫理论演变探析

Analysis of the evolution of cold pestilence theory during Song and Yuan dynasties

宋元时期各医家的特色学术思想推动了疫病理论的发展和进步,而隐藏在疫病理论中的寒疫理论脉络也逐渐隐现,在宋元时期疫病理论演变可以将其分为两个阶段:第一个阶段是寒疫理论开始逐渐从伤寒辨证体系中脱离出来,以庞安时、朱肱、郭雍为代表,第二阶段是寒疫理论体系在金元四大家等医家的学术思想不断创新中彻底脱离伤寒学理论体系,将寒疫理论体系完全归于热病体系下。由于宋元时期温病学理论体系还尚未完善,所以寒疫理论体系在该阶段大多隐含在内伤与外感发病关系的中医理论体系中。

The distinctive academic ideas of various medical practitioners during Song and Yuan dynasties promoted the development and progress of epidemic theory,and the context of the cold pestilence theory hidden in the epidemic theory gradually emerged.The evolution of the epidemic theory during Song and Yuan dynasties could be divided into two stages:the first stage was when the theory of cold pestilence began to gradually separate from the dialectical system of typhoid fever,represented by Pang Anshi,Zhu Gong and Guo Yong;and the second stage was that the theoretical system of cold pestilence completely separated from the theoretical system of typhoid fever through the continuous innovation of the academic ideas by medical experts such as the Four Great Masters of Jin and Yuan dynasties,the theoretical system of cold pestilence was completely subsumed under the system of febrile diseases.Due to the incomplete theoretical system of warm disease during Song and Yuan dynasties,the theoretical system of cold pestilence was mostly implied in the theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine in the relationship between internal injury and exogenous disease at this stage.