梭罗《瓦尔登湖》中的物本体书写研究

Ontological Object Writings in Thoreau's Walden

随着思辨实在论和物导向本体论的纵深发展,当今西方文学界在经历了20世纪的“语言学转向”和“文化转向”之后,出现了明显的“物转向”。文学文本中的物本体书写和物性叙事在不同时期文学中的呈现各不相同。美国超验主义文学家和自然主义者亨利·大卫·梭罗密切关注物的本体性和能动性,通过物本体书写深刻反思了19世纪美国实用主义工业文明背景下的物人关系。梭罗在《瓦尔登湖》中深入探索了“平等之物”,表达了“去人类中心主义”的新物质主义自然观和哲学观,与“心物感应”、“物我两依”等中国传统物质观念形成了跨时空对话和共鸣。

With the development of Speculative Realism and Object-Oriented Ontology,there has been an obvious“object turn”today in literature research in the West after the“linguistic turn”and the“cultural turn”in the 20 th century.Ontological writing and narration of objects in literary text are presented differently in different periods of literature.Henry David Thoreau,an American transcendentalist writer and naturalist,paid close attention to the subjectivity and agency of objects,and deeply reflected on the relationship between objects and human beings under the background of American industrial civilization of pragmatism in the 19th century through Ontological Object Writings.In Walden,Thoreau deeply explores“things of equality”from different angles,expressing the new materialistic view of nature and philosophy of“de-anthropocentrism”,which is also in line with the traditional Chinese concepts of matter,such as“mind-matter interaction”and“matter-self interdependency”,forming a dialogue and resonance across time and space.