槐糖脂对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及免疫功能的影响

Effects of Sophorolipid on Production Performance,Egg Quality and Immune Function of Laying Hens

该试验旨在探究饲料中添加槐糖脂对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质、血清免疫学指标及盲肠微生物的影响。选取健康且体重和产蛋性能相近的罗曼粉蛋鸡60只,随机分成3个组,每组4个重复,每个重复5只鸡。采用单因子试验设计,设定日粮中槐糖脂的添加量分别为0(基础日粮组)、2g/kg(低槐糖脂组)及20g/kg(高槐糖脂组)。预饲1周,正式试验期5周。试验期间测定蛋鸡的生产性能和蛋品质。试验最后1天每组选取8只鸡(每个重复选取2只鸡),取翅根静脉血和盲肠内容物以测定血清免疫学指标、盲肠内容物菌群的丰度及盲肠pH等指标。结果显示:添加槐糖脂显著提高了蛋鸡的产蛋率(P<0.01),低浓度槐糖脂添加对产蛋率的提高效果优于高浓度组,同时槐糖脂的添加也极显著地降低了料蛋比(P<0.01);低浓度槐糖脂的添加显著提高了鸡蛋的浓蛋白高度和哈氏单位(P<0.05);添加槐糖脂显著提高了血清中IgA和IgG的水平(P<0.05),极显著提高了血清中IgM的水平(P<0.01),低槐糖脂组的效果好于高槐糖脂组;添加槐糖脂显著降低了盲肠中沙门菌的丰度(P<0.05),高浓度组的大肠杆菌丰度较对照组和低浓度组有显著的降低(P<0.05),但高浓度槐糖脂的添加也显著降低了乳酸杆菌的丰度(P<0.05),低浓度组对乳酸杆菌的影响较对照组差异不明显(P>0.05)。研究表明:饲料中添加槐糖脂可以有效提高蛋鸡产蛋率,降低料蛋比,提高鸡蛋的浓蛋白高度及哈氏单位,提高血清中IgA、IgG、IgM的水平,低浓度槐糖脂的添加对优化肠道菌群更加理想。

The purpose of this experiment was to explore the effects of adding sophorolipid in feed on production performance,egg quality,serum immunological index and cecal microorganism of laying hens.Sixty healthy Roman laying hens with similar weight and laying production performance were randomly divided into 3 groups,with 4 replicates in each group and 5 chickens in each replicate.The single factor experiment design was adopted,and the addition amount of sophorolipid in diet was set as 0(basic diet group),2 g/kg(low sophorolipid addition group)and 20 g/kg(high sophorolipid addition group).The pre-feeding period was one week,and the formal experiment lasted for five weeks.During the experiment,the production performance and egg quality of laying hens were measured.On the last day of the experiment,8 chickens were selected from each group(2 chickens were selected from each repetition).The venous blood of wing root and cecum contents were collected to measure the serum immunological indexes,the abundance of cecal flora and the pH of cecum.The results showed that the addition of sophorolipid significantly increased the laying rate of laying hens(P<0.01),and the effect of low concentration sophorolipid on the laying rate was better than that of high concentration group,while the addition of sophorolipid also significantly reduced the feed-egg ratio(P<0.01).Moreover,the addition of low concentration sophorolipid significantly increased the egg protein height and Haugh unit(P<0.05).The addition of sophorolipid also significantly increased the levels of IgA and IgG in serum(P<0.05),and significantly increased the level of IgM in serum(P<0.01),and the effect of low sophorolipid group was significantly better than that of high sophorolipid group.The addition of sophorolipid significantly reduced the abundance of Salmonella in cecum(P<0.05),and the abundance of Escherichia coli in high concentration group was significantly lower than that in control group and low concentration group(P<0.05).However,the addition of sophorolipid in high concentration also significantly reduced the abundance of Lactobacillus.The results showed that the addition of sophorolipid in the feed can effectively improve the laying rate of laying hens,reduce the feed-egg ratio,increase the egg protein height and Haugh unit,and increase the levels of IgA,IgG and IgM in serum.At the same time,the addition of low concentration sophorolipid is more ideal for optimizing intestinal flora.