论近代造舰技术移植中国的早期实践——以“平远”舰的建造为例

On the Early Practice of Transplanting Modern Shipbuilding Technology to China——Taking the Construction of"Pingyuan"Warship as an Example

随着洋务运动的兴起与发展,中国培养出近代第一批造舰技术人才。在“师夷制夷”思想指导下,他们努力移植西方造舰技术并进行一定创新,建造出中国第一艘全钢装甲舰“平远”舰。“平远”舰的建造过程及所用技术彰显了技术移植与技术创新的本土化特征。受工业发展水平、国家经济实力和造舰技术人员创新能力等因素制约,“平远”舰存在明显的设计缺陷。事实证明,近代中国希望通过移植西方先进舰船建造技术以创建“船坚炮利”新式海军的道路是走不通的。

With the rise and development of the Westernization Movement,China cultivated the first batch of talents mastering warship-building technology in modern times.Guided by the thought of"surpass foreigners by learning from them",they made efforts to learn and practice the warship-building technology from western countries,make innovations,finally built the"Pingyuan"warship that was China′s first all-steel armored ship.Both the building process and technical progress of"Pingyuan"warship has revealed the indigenized characteristics of technology transplantation and innovation.Restrained by the industrial development status,national economic strength,warship-building technicians'innovation ability,visible design defect existed in"Pingyuan"warship.It′s proved by facts that it′s impossible for modern China to set up novel-type powerful navy corps by transplanting western powers'advanced warship-building technology.