金沙江下游梯级水库汛期运行水位协同浮动调度研究

Study on synergetic control of flood operating water levels of cascade reservoirs in the downstream reach of the Jinsha River basin

为验证梯级水库汛期运行水位协同浮动调度模型方法的合理性与普适性,在金沙江流域开展实例分析。首先考虑洪水预见期变化,应用动态多目标算法高效求解调度模型;然后评价汛期运行水位协同浮动调度的风险与效益;最后推求乌东德、白鹤滩、溪洛渡、向家坝水库的汛期运行水位协同浮动关系。研究结果表明:相比年汛限水位静态控制调度方案,梯级水库汛期运行水位协同浮动调度方案在不增加防洪风险前提下,各水库汛期运行水位均可适当抬升,汛期多年平均发电量和电站弃水减少量的最高值(改善率)可达1071亿kWh(11.1%)和649亿m^(3)(14.3%),有效提高了洪水资源利用水平,综合效益巨大。

The Jinsha River basin is selected as a study area to validate the rationality and reliability of the methodology on synergetic control of reservoir flood operating water levels of cascade reservoirs proposed in the last paper.Firstly,the dynamic multi-objective algorithm was employed to optimize the operation model by considering dynamic forecast horizons.Secondly,risk-benefit indicators were employed to evaluate the schemes of synergetic control of flood operating water levels.Lastly,the Wudongde,Baihetan,Xiluodu and Xiangjiaba cascade reservoirs constituted the study case and the synergetic relationship of flood operating water levels of the cascade reservoirs was analyzed.The results show that:(1)as compared to the static control scheme of flood limited water levels,the synergetic control scheme of flood operating water levels of cascade reservoirs can raise the values of reservoir water levels without increasing flood risk;(2)the average annual power generation and the maximum reduction value of average annual spilled water volume in the flood season can reach 107.1 billion kW·h with the improvement rate of 11.1%and 64.9 billion m^(3) with the improvement rate of 14.3%,respectively;and(3)the synergetic control scheme can effectively boost the use efficiency of flood resources and comprehensive benefits.