重庆乡土核桃无性系坚果品质分析

Analysis on Nut Quality of Asexual Lines of Chongqing Local Walnut(Juglans regia L.)

对6个重庆乡土核桃无性系的坚果品质进行分析与评价,为重庆优良核桃品种的选育提供一定的理论依据.采用方差分析、多重比较、主成分分析等方法对参试核桃无性系坚果的单果质量、三径均值、出仁率、脂肪、蛋白质以及脂肪酸组分等16项指标进行了测量、分析和综合评价.结果表明:核桃坚果的三径均值(28.45~35.16 mm)、单果质量(6.85~15.18 g)、壳厚(0.96~1.32 mm)、出仁率(50.00%~60.25%)、蛋白质(17.07%~24.23%)、脂肪(54.40%~67.63%)、可溶性糖(4.47%~7.95%)、单宁(10.50~25.40 mg/g)以及检测出的8种脂肪酸组分的质量分数在参试无性系间存在差异,所有参试无性系的出仁率、蛋白质质量分数、脂肪质量分数均达到国家良种标准.6个无性系的主成分综合得分由高到低依次为YC-8,YC-3,YC-10,YC-6,YC-12,YC-2.基于重庆乡土核桃无性系坚果品质特点,探讨了重庆乡土核桃无性系选育利用方向,初步明确了YC-8可作为综合性状优的干食核桃无性系,YC-3可作为高出仁率的干鲜两用核桃无性系,YC-10可作为高蛋白核桃无性系.

To provide important reference for breeding of Chongqing local walnut varieties,nut quality of 6 walnut(Juglans regia L.)asexual lines from Chongqing were investigated.Variance analysis,multiple comparison,principal component analysis and other methods were employed to analyze 16 traits such as nut weight,three diameter values,kernel ratio,fat content,protein content,and fatty acid components.The results showed that the three-diameter value(28.45~35.16 mm),nut weights(6.85~15.18 g),shell thicknesses(0.96~1.32 mm),kernel ratio(50.00%~60.25%),protein contents(17.07%~24.23%),fat contents(54.40%~67.63%),soluble sugar contents(4.47%~7.95%),tannin contents(10.50~25.40 mg/g)and 8 fatty acid components were significantly different among the tested asexual lines.The kernel ratio,protein contents and fat contents of all the tested asexual lines reached the national standard of walnut superior varieties.The asexual lines were comprehensively evaluated through principal component analysis,and the resulted rank was:YC-8>YC-3>YC-10>YC-6>YC-12>YC-2.Based on the nut quality characteristics of Chongqing local walnut asexual lines,the asexual selection and utilization directions of Chongqing local walnut were discussed.It was preliminarily determined that YC-8 is a fresh walnut line for its excellent comprehensive characteristics,YC-3 is a line for fresh and dry nut because of its high kernel rate,and YC-10 is a high protein line.